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Particle Physics Detector Research and Development at Liverpool
Semiconductor detectors are based on segmented
diodes which collect charges produced by ionising
radiation
The position resolution comes primarily from the
granularity which exploits standard microchip
processing technology
One of the
5000 Silicon
Modules for
the ATLAS
Tracker
High Radiation
Tolerance
At the LHC, with a billion
high energy (14 TeV)
proton collisions per
second, radiation levels can
easily run to  10 MRad.
Better modelling of signal
generation in radiation
damaged silicon by
Liverpool has shown that
designs collecting electrons
Signal vs voltage for
p-type and n-type sensors give better charge
collection for a given
irradiated to 10 MRad.
operating voltage than
p-type detectors collect
electrons, unlike the other those collecting holes.
detectors, so can operate Prototypes provided by
efficiently at lower voltages.Micron Semiconductor Ltd.
High
Granularity
Monolithic Active Pixel Prototypes
Micron Semiconductor (UK) Ltd
have fabricated 50 prototype
Large Area 9cm  9cm single chip detectors
for GLAST using masks designed
and purchased by Liverpool
CCD-based
Linear Collider
Vertex Detector
Detectors for the future linear collider will
need to measure to a precision of  5m
in both dimensions and be less than 50m NASA’s Gamma-ray Large Area
thick.
Space Telescope Tracker uses
CCDs and Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors 80m2 of silicon strip detectors.
look to offer the required
For areas > 103 m2, need to explore cheaper
performance.
substrates. Liverpool is looking at the possibility
Both options are being
of using diode strips fabricated on conjugated
studies at Liverpool with
polymer material.
RAL and Marconi.
The JIF Liverpool Semiconductor Detector Centre (LSDC)
The LHC-b
Detector
for high
precision
studies of
b-quarks at
the LHC
The LSDC consists of 350m2 of Class 10,000 Clean Rooms
plus 100m2 at Class 100 for high density fully automatic wire
bonding (200 connections per cm) and probing
The LSDC is being equipped with
state-of-the-art automatic wire bonding,
probing and large volume co-ordinate
measuring equipment.
Large area assemblies for the ATLAS
silicon tracker and LHC-b vertex
detector are Liverpool responsibilities,
making use of the complex.
Large area arrays based on sensor modules measuring particles tracks with
precision of order 10m require low mass support structures of many m2
which do not compromise the intrinsic resolution.
The LSDC is complemented by a substantially
upgraded workshop with several additional large
area, high precision automatic machine tools.
LHC-b uses back-to-back thinned disks for < 10m
precision r and  measurement. Integrated thin
metal lines route the signals to the electronics.