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Transcript 
Chapter 13
Bipolar Junction Transistors
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 13
Bipolar Junction Transistors
1. Understand bipolar junction transistor
operation
in amplifier circuits.
2. Analyze simple amplifiers using the loadline
technique and understand the causes of
nonlinear distortion.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
3. Use large-signal equivalent circuits to
analyze
BJT circuits.
4. Analyze bias circuits.
5. Use small-signal equivalent circuits to
analyze
BJT amplifiers.
6. Compute performance of several important
amplifier configurations.
7. Select an amplifier configuration appropriate
for
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Equations of Operation
  v BE
iE  I ES exp 
  VT
iE  iC  iB
iC

iE
 
  1
 
I s  I ES
 v BE 

iC  I s exp 
 VT 
iC

 
iB 1  
iC  iB
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
COMMON-EMITTER
CHARACTERISTICS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Common-emitter Input
Characteristic
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Common-emitter Output
Characteristics
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
LOAD-LINE ANALYSIS OF A COMMONEMITTER
AMPLIFIER (Input Circuit)
VBB  vin t   RBiB t   vBE t 
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
LOAD-LINE ANALYSIS OF A COMMONEMITTER
AMPLIFIER (Output Circuit)
VCC  RC iC  vCE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
When iC becomes
zero, we say that
the transistor is
cutoff.
When vCE 0.2
V, we say that the
transistor is in
saturation.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
PNP BIPOLAR JUNCTION
TRANSISTORS
Except for reversal of current directions and
voltage polarities, the pnp BJT is almost
identical to the npn BJT.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
LARGE-SIGNAL DC CIRCUIT MODELS
(Active-Region Model)
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
LARGE-SIGNAL DC CIRCUIT MODELS
(Saturation-Region Model)
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
LARGE-SIGNAL DC CIRCUIT MODELS
(Cutoff-Region Model)
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Analysis of the Fixed Base
Bias Circuit
RB  200k
RC  1k
VCC  15V
  100
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Analysis of the Four-Resistor Bias
Circuit
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
RB 
 R1 R2
1 R1  1 R2
VB  VCC
R2
R1  R2
VB  VBE
IB 
RB    1RE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
I C  βI B
VCE  VCC  RC I C  RE I E
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
iB t   iBQ  ib t 
v BE t   VBEQ  vbe t 
ib(t) denotes the signal current flowing into the
base, IBQ is the dc current that flows when the
signal is absent, and iB(t) is the total base
current. Similar notation is used for the other
currents and voltages.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Small-Signal Equivalent
Circuit for the BJT
r 
VT
I CQ
iC t   ib t 
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
COMMON-EMITTER AMPLIFIERS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
RL  RL RC 
1 RL  1 RC
vo
RL 
Av 

vin
r
Avoc
vo
RC 


vin
r
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
vin
1
Z in

iin 1 RB  1 r
io
Z in
Ai 
 Av
iin
RL
G  Ai Av
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Z o  RC
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
The common-emitter amplifier is
inverting and has large voltage gain
magnitude, large current gain, and large
power gain.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
EMITTER FOLLOWERS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
RB  R1 R2 
1 R1  1 R2
1
RL  RL RE 
1 RL  1 RE
Av

1   RL

r  1   RL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Zi 
 RB Z it
1 RB  1 Z it
vin
Z it 
 rπ  1  β RL
ib
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Output Impedance
1
Rs 
1 Rs  1 R1  1 R2
vx
1
Zo 

i x 1    Rs  r   1 RE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Even though the voltage gain of the
emitter follower is less than unity, the
current gain
and power gain can be large.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Third Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, ©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
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