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The History of Lighting The 5 Stages of Lighting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Artificial Light Gas Electricity Concentrated Filament Spotlight Computers Artificial Light Greek Theatre Late 19th Century Greek Theatre Starting around 500 BC Trilogies sometimes start at dawn and continue through till sunset Miracle & Mystery Plays 15th Century Indoor (Probably Churches) Surrounded Stage with Candles (First form of Stage Lighting) Real Flame Hell Mouth Angels to Heaven Elizabethan Theatre 16th - 17th Centuries Globe Theatre Outdoors Shakespeare referred to lighting in dialogue Italian Renaissance 1600 - 1800 Moves Indoors for good Improvements 1566 - Serlio places colored bottles in front of candles Improvements Indigo Jones uses Reflectors to intensify light Improvements Floats Mechanical Opaque Screens Mechanical Dimmers Disadvantages Entire Theatre Visible Dirty (Soot) Not very bright Very little control Gas Lighting Late 19th Century Advantages So advantageous that it quickly becomes the norm Brighter Easy Maintenance Gives CONTROL 1st time audience is dark Disadvantages Very EXPLOSIVE Gas Lighting Electric Lighting 1879 Edison creates the 6W Light Bulb Electricity Very popular to Theatre Owners due to Safety Installed in most theatres within 5 years (runs through old gas tubing) Advantages Low Maintenance Cleaner (no soot) Higher light intensities Not as cumbersome Adolph Appia Modern Stage Lighting has its roots in Appia’s theories Plastic Expression A 3 dimensional actor moving in a 3 dimensional space 20th Century Advances Concentrated Filament Spotlight Filament tightly wound to provide a brighter light A LOT BRIGHTER Post WWII Solid State Dimming Transistors Leads to the invention of the … Computers Advantages Much more complex operations Able to sync lights with sound One button operation Disadvantages If your computer crashes you’re in TROUBLE Eliminates jobs Emergence of the Lighting Designer Until 1930’s Lighting was done by the Scenic Designer or Master Electricians As technology grew, Scene Designers would hire assistants to do the lighting People began to specialize and eventually get credit 1960’s Lighting Designers were given their own designation in the Design Union http://www.uno.edu/~jsulliva/Colors/colorbox.html