Download Communicating for Results, 7e

Communicating for Results
Seventh Edition
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
5 Opening Quotation
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Nonverbal Defined
“…all intentional and unintentional
messages that are not written, spoken,
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or sounded.”
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Culture & Nonverbal Behavior
Three levels of culture . . .
Technical Level – rules openly known & stated
Formal Level – rules known; reasons not known
Informal Level – neither rules nor reasons
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known; behaviors unconsciously learned
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Nonverbal Communication
Types include . . .
Facial expressions & eye contact
Body movements & gestures
Clothing & personal appearance
Distance & personal space
Physical environment
Time
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Eye Contact
In American culture . . .
Shows interest and attentiveness
Signals wish to participate
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Controls flow of
communication
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Movements & Gestures
Types include . . .
Illustrators
Regulators
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Emblems
Adaptors
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Clothing & Appearance
Appropriate business & professional clothing . . .
Determines status, credibility, persuasiveness
& hiring decisions
Affects public perception of organizations
Enhanced by professional
demeanor
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Is problematic—i.e., Casual Confusion
Syndrome
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
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Intimate Distance - 0-18 inches
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
Intimate Distance - 0-18 inches
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Personal Distance - 18 inches - 3 feet
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
Intimate Distance - 0-18 inches
Personal Distance - 18 inches - 3 feet
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Social Distance - 3 - 12 feet
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Distance & Personal Space
Hall’s distance categories . . .
Intimate Distance - 0-18 inches
Personal Distance - 18 inches - 3 feet
Social Distance - 3 - 12 feet
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Public Distance - 12 feet or more
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Physical Environment
Includes . . .
Ugly versus attractive rooms
Color & lighting
Room Size
Noise level
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Odor
Ergonomics
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Time
Business regulated on informal level
of culture
Consequences of lateness depends on
status
Perceptions of time depend on
cultural background
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Time spent with person has
informal significance
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Nonverbal Status Symbols
Include . . .
Clothing (i.e., tie & jacket)
Office size, location & interior arrangement
Powerful nonverbal behaviors
Time
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Gestures
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Nonverbal Signs of Power
Expansive, confident movements
Tall, upright standing posture
Relaxed, affable, familiar behavior
Ability to turn one’s back
Relaxed seated position; body
leaning slightly
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Nonverbal Signs of Weakness
Small, controlled movements
Any form of bowing or bowed posture
Playing with an object or nervous shaking
Tenseness, vigilance
Hesitantly standing or sitting
forward
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Nonverbal Messages
And international business transactions . . .
People in other countries have different
nonverbal symbols and meanings
Organizations fail to prepare employees
adequately for cross-cultural contacts
Culture shock
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Immediacy Behaviors
“Promoting a feeling of closeness” by . . .
Verbal behaviors – humor, personal examples,
using “we” & “our”
Vocal behaviors – good volume, pitch, & vocal
expressiveness
Visual behaviors – eye contact, smiles, relaxed
posture, moving around
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Improving Nonverbal Skills
Develop awareness of nonverbal differences
Do not judge others according to own
nonverbal meanings
Do not assign nonverbal meanings out of
context
Observe your nonverbal behavior on
videotape or ask others for feedback
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Awareness Check
Nonverbal Symbols Across Cultures . . .
. . . Check
answers at
back of book
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Chapter 5 - Nonverbal Communication in the Organization
Awareness Check
Nonverbal Symbols Across Cultures . . .
. . . Check
answers at
back of book
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CNN Today: Human Communication, Vol. IV
Nonverbal Communication and
Special Needs in Organizations
The End