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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION • Accounts for 80% of all Communication • Nonverbal is body language • Nonverbal messages often overpower verbal messages • Body language is not a universal language NONVERBAL BEHAVIORS • • • • • • • Posture and body orientation Eye contact Facial expressions Gestures Touch Personal Space/proximity Paralinguistics/tone of voice POSTURE AND BODY ORIENTATION • Communicate by the way we walk, talk, stand and sit • Lean forward slightly to show interest Open Posture – tilt head, lean forward, and if seated, uncross legs Closed Posture – head and trunk straight, arms folded, and if seated, legs crossed EYE CONTACT • • • • Helps regulate flow of communication Use a fairly steady gaze Signals an interest in others Increases speaker’s credibility FACIAL EXPRESSIONS • Smiling is a powerful cue that transmits Happiness Friendliness Warmth Liking Affiliation GESTURES • Humans can do more than 5000 different gestures • People who give feedback (head nods and gestures) appear to be more interested – Quick nods help a speaker – Long nods distract a speaker – Double nods cause a speaker to speak faster WATCH FOR THESE • People who are lying tend to use fewer gestures, touch their faces more often and shift position more frequently. • The face is part of the body that can be most easily controlled and therefore disguised. TOUCH • Signs of greeting differ by culture – Handshakes – Hugs – Bows • Some cultures are more comfortable with touching than others • Some people do not like to be touched PERSONAL SPACE/ PROXIMITY • Intimate = < 18 inches This distance is primarily for confidential exchanges and is usually reserved for close friends • Personal = 1 ½ to 4 ft. This distance is comfortable for conversation between friends PERSONAL SPACE • Social = 4 to 12 feet This is the ordinary distance people maintain from one another for most social and business exchanges • Public = Over 12 feet At this distance, perhaps in a shopping mall or on the street, people barely acknowledge each other’s presence. At most they give a nod or a shake of the head. PARALINGUISTICS/ TONE OF VOICE Includes vocal elements that should be varied: • Tone • Pitch • Rhythm • Timbre • Loudness • Inflection