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Environmental Science The application of all fields of science to solve environmental problems Environmental Principles Resources and Resource Use Environmental Pollution Social Aspects of Environmental Science Environmental Principles? Some examples: Impact = population x technology Use of ‘the commons’ Things change!! Others? Have we changed the rate at which ‘things’ change? Environmental Principles The environment consists of 4 spheres: Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere What role does biogeochemical cycling play in the environment? Resources & Resource Use Resources Society Input reduction • Improve efficiency • Reuse/recycling • Substitution Sinks (Waste) Output management • Remove • Remediate • Restore Resources & Resource Use • Sustainability = meeting the needs of today without reducing the quality of life for future generations What are resources? Minerals/metals products Fuels Energy (fossil, nuclear, biomass) Water Life, Energy Food (soils, plants, animals, fish) Energy Biological biodiversity, esthetics Resources & Resource Use Renewable Resources vs. Nonrenewable resources • can be regenerated within a few human generations vs. • can not be regenerated within a few human generations Should sustainability be part of these definitions? What are ways we can prevent depletion of resources? Environmental Pollution Pollution: excess outputs by society into the environment How has ‘pollution’ changed over time? sink pollutant examples: Do we need to be concerned about each of these? Environmental Pollution What about: • Lead? • N-fertilizer? • Milk? • Pesticides? Typical methods for dealing with pollution are: Removal Restoration Remediation Can you suggest a better way? Input reduction: efficiency improvements, substitution, recycle/reuse Social Aspects of Environmental Science What are social issues that affect our environment? Does human population affect these? Would your answer change if: Human population: Growth? Stability? Decline? Social Aspects of Environmental Science What are some social solutions for environmental management? Economic…… incentives, green taxes Legal………… laws, regulations, eliminate subsidies Education…… media, environmental science Ethics/ Persuasion.. peer interactions/conservation groups Social Aspects of Environmental Science Environmental economics studies society and the natural environment as a single system. How does this differ from traditional economic theory? How do ethics relate to social aspects of environmental management? Social Aspects of Environmental Science Do you think environmental quality is better in the US today or during your parent’s or grandparent’s childhood? What about for your children? What about the US today versus other developed countries? Developing countries?