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Chapter VII
Review
Why is “diversity” an apt word to
describe India?
It has a history of political division and
class divisions.
It has many deities.
It has many languages and ethnic
groups.
Northern India is bordered by the
Himalayas
Three harvests each year have been
possible in some parts of India
because of
high rainfall from the monsoons
The Vedic Age was a new historical
period in India marked by
the migration of Indo-Europeans into
India
The varna system developed in order to
create social harmony between
groups.
The class and caste systems in India
were connected to
a widespread belief in reincarnation.
The reincarnation of the atman into a
given class depends on
karma or deeds in life.
What is the underlying message of the
cycle of reincarnation?
Accept your place and duties in life.
Indian ritual sacrifices were intended to
promote stability in the world.
The Brahmins were important because
they knew how to perform essential
sacrifices correctly.
The collection of Indian poetic hymns
dedicated to the various deities and
describing sacred practices is
the Rig Veda.
What does the literature of the Vedic
Age reveal about the role of women?
They are depicted as strong and
resourceful, reflecting a favorable
position in society.
Individuals sought an alternative path to
salvation by practicing
yoga.
special diet.
meditation.
To be released from the cycle of
reincarnation is the concept of
moksha.
Jainism emphasizes the principles of
nonviolence and asceticism.
Siddhartha Gautama articulated the
“Four Noble Truths,” which taught that
life is suffering and suffering is
caused by desire.
The ultimate spiritual reward in
Buddhism is
nirvana.
The foundation of the Hindu religion is
the Vedic religion of northern Indian
Aryans.
Hinduism emphasized
the worshiper’s devotion to a
particular deity
The habit of Hindu pilgrimage is most
important because it promotes
contact, exchanges of ideas, and a
broad Hindu identity.
The reasons for India’s habitual political
fragmentation has historically been
India’s complex social hierarchy.
the extremely varied Indian
landscape.
the many different forms of economic
activity.
The Mauryan government was
supported by
a high tax on agricultural crops.
In order to improve trade, the Mauryan
Empire
issued standard coinage throughout
the empire.
The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted
to Buddhism and became a unique
leader because of
his dedication to nonviolence,
morality, and moderation.
The chief source of revenue for the
Gupta Empire was
a 25 percent tax on agricultural
produce.
The Gupta Empire maintained tight
control in the core of the empire
through
a powerful national army.
Why is the Gupta Empire described as
a “theater-state”?
Splendor and ceremonies of court
advertised the benefits of empire.
One of the most important contributions
made by Gupta intellectuals was the
concept of zero.
From evidence in Gupta literature and
plays, Indian women’s situation since
the Vedic period had
worsened.
During the Gupta period, trade was
conducted with
China.
the Roman Empire.
Southeast Asia.
An extensive trade network developed
on land and sea based on which
Indian export products?
Cotton cloth, ivory, and metalwork
Southeast Asia first rose to prominence
because
it was an intermediary in regional
trade.
Southeast Asia has important natural
resources such as
fertile volcanic soil and tropical
climate.
The plant and animal species that thrive
in Southeast Asia are:
coconuts, bananas, rice, soybeans,
sugar cane, chickens and pigs.
What impressive navigational skills did
the Malay people develop?
Riding monsoon winds, and
navigating using wave patterns,
clouds, and swells
Southeast Asian state building was
based on
commerce, especially the silk and
spice trade, and Hindu/Buddhist
culture.
The first major Southeast Asian center,
Funan, declined because of
a shift in international trade routes.
The Srivijayan kingdom based its power
on control of:
the river ports of former Srivijayan
rivals.
the fertile rice lands of Java.
the upland region of the Sumatran
interior.
The most important cultural influences
on Southeast Asian kingdoms came
from
India.