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Transcript
Art of Japan Ch. 8 & 27 * Key Themes: -Sacred Space -Scale & Materials -Power and Authority -Depiction of Landscape -Depiction of Women Partner/Small Group Reading • In our textbook, read the purple box on pg. 218 in partners or small groups to gain a general understanding of Pre-Buddhist Beliefs and rituals in Japan, then --• Read pg. 164 to have a general understanding of Buddhism • (approx. 10 minutes total) • TAKE NOTES!!! Afterward - We will have an activity where you silently write your findings on blank sheets around the room • Mahayana Buddhism—compassion for all living beings—comes from China during Asuka period • Esoteric Buddhism—leisured aristocracy—Tantric Buddhism-Secret Practices, mantras: sacred words, mandalas: paintings map Buddhist Cosmos/Deities, mudras: hand signs of Buddha • Pure Land Buddhism—an all-inclusive form of Buddhist devotion—rebirth through a heavenly form (Pure Land), simply by faith in Amida’s promise of salvation • Zen Buddhism—enlightenment through meditation— monasteries—self reliance Nara Period 710-794 • Buddhism officially introduced in Japan in 552 • Shinto beliefs and practices continue to have significance, especially in agricultural rituals and imperial court rites • Marriage Rituals-Shinto / Blessing new born child – Shinto Shrine (assoc. w/centrality of purification) • Funerals – Buddhist Temple (assoc. w/the promise of the afterlife) • Capital in Nara Great Buddha Hall, Todaiji, Japan Nara Period – 8th cent. Patron: Emperor commissioned to try to unify country & reinforce imperial power with religious authority. (Patron) Heian Period 794-1185 • Capital moved North to Heian (Known today as Kyoto) • Esoteric Buddhism (or Tantric BuddhismSecret Practices, mantras: sacred words, mandalas: paintings map Buddhist Cosmos/Dieties, mudras: hand signs of Buddha) • Pure Land Buddhism: afterlife salvation (Amitabha: Amida in Japanese, Buddha of the West) • Celestial architecture, HEIAN ART IS PLACID Mudras 1. dhyana (meditation) 2. dharmachakra (wheel of law, teaching) -Depictions of the first sermon show the Buddha teaching, his hands held together in front of his body to indicate the turning of the Wheel of the Law (look at fig. 6-15 in our text book) 3. abhaya (do not fear) 4. LOOK UP AND QUICKLY SKETCH THE ONES LISTED ABOVE…SKETCH OTHERS YOU SEE IN THE IMAGES…CREATE A TABLE TO GUIDE YOU. (5 MINUTES) • Phoenix Hall, Fujiwara Yorimichi, 1053 • *Celestial architecture: – incorporation of water/ floating sensation, “wings”, symmetrical, reference to Buddha’s palace in Pure Land (afterlife) • **Phoenix a symbol of imperial might Amida Buddha, Phoenix Hall, Heian Period, WOOD • On your phones/computers, research what celestial means, why is this structure celestial???? Be able to describe the what make’s it celestial in detail. • Turn to your shoulder partner/discuss your findings (approx. 1 minute each = 2-3 min. Total) • TAKE NOTES…WE WILL POPCORN FACTS AFTER PARTNER DISCUSSION
