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Natural Variations in Consciousness pp. (150-154) Dream Quiz 1. How many hours a night are spent dreaming? 2. What % of our REM sleep is occupied by dreams? 3. Which dreams tend to be more vivid – REM or NREM? 4. What adjective characterizes dreams of males? 5. What adjective characterizes dreams of females? Understanding Dreams (answers to ?s #1, 2 and 3) Avg. hours of dreams per night = 2 hours Dreams typically occur during REM sleep 80-85% of REM sleep is dreaming vivid dreams During NREM sleep less vivid dreams resemble “thinking” Dream Theories Theory #1 Freud Basis in psychoanalysis Dreams are the “royal road to the unconscious” Dreams are unconscious wishes translated to our conscious state Dream Theories Theory #2 Winson (1990)/ Crick & Mitchison (1995) Means of survival information gained during the day is processed strengthens the memory of information that is crucial to our survival allows us to free our mind of clutter open to new information in the future Dream Theories Theory #3 Recent trends… Dreams strengthen memories doesn’t free our mind of clutter; solidifies what we learned REM sleep is connected to brain restoration and growth (our body needs to dream) Dream Content What do we dream? Influence from Sleep When we are closest to waking dream about recent events remember most dreams at this stage During the middle of the night childhood past experiences Influence from Gender (answers to ?s #4 and 5) Characteristics of Female Dreams Characteristics of Male Dreams aggression achievement emotions friendly interactions indoor settings recall more dreams Influence from Age Young children dreams tend to be brief focused on animals no specific story line Influence from Socioeconomic Groups Lower/lower-middle classes dreams involving people or misfortune Caucasian vs. African American little difference between dream content Assignment Using your textbook, provide a brief description of each of the following (to be placed in your notes) Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep Apnea