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The Ocean Basins Three Major Oceans Pacific Atlantic Indian Three Major Oceans Atlantic – the shallowest ocean (3.3km average depth) Indian – second shallowest ocean (3.8km average depth) Pacific – the deepest ocean (3.9km average depth) What is a sea? Small area of the ocean that is partially surrounded by land The Seven Seas Numerous seas – they are all considered part of an ocean Exploring our Oceans • Oceanography is the study of the physical characteristics, chemical composition and life forms of the ocean. What are Submersibles? • Underwater research vessels The Alvin The Jason SONAR • Important to help map ocean floor • Sound Navigation and Ranging How SONAR works… receiver ocean surface transmitter ocean floor Differences in the time it takes for the sound waves to leave the boat and then return tell scientists how deep the ocean bottom is. Features of the Ocean Basins • Continental margin: portion of ocean made up of continental crust Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins continental shelf: gently sloping part of continent under ocean surface. Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • continental slope: boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • continental rise: separates continental slope & ocean bottom; pile of sediments. Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • abyssal plain: large flat area on the ocean floor Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • seamount: underwater volcanic mountain (1000m) Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • Rift valley – middle of mid-ocean ridge; divergent Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • Guyot: a flat-topped submerged seamount Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • trench: deep narrow valleys along the edges of ocean floor; convergent. Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • Mid-ocean ridge –chain of underwater mountains running through ocean basin; divergent boundary. Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin Features of the Ocean Basins • coral reef: limestone structures containing shells of animals that surround volcanic islands Other Features and Plate Movement Continental Margin DEEP OCEAN BASIN (Oceanic Crust) Continental Margin