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Air Section 2 Air Pollution • Can cause serious health problems – especially for very young, very old, those with heart or lung problems – adds to the effects of existing diseases: emphysema, heart disease, lung cancer – estimate Americans pay billions/year to treat respiratory diseases caused by air pollution Air Section 2 Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Health • Reversible if exposure to air pollution decreases. • Include headache; nausea; irritation to the eyes, nose and throat; coughing; tightness in the chest; upper respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. • Can make asthma and emphysema worse Air Section 2 Long-Term Health Effects of Air Pollution • Include emphysema, lung cancer, and heart disease • May worsen medical conditions suffered by older people and may damage the lungs of children. Air Section 2 Indoor Air Pollution • Air inside a home or building is sometimes worse than outside. • Sick-building syndrome: set of symptoms that may affect workers in modern, airtight office buildings. – most common in hot places where buildings are tightly sealed to keep out the heat • Plastics and other industrial chemicals are major sources of pollution. – found in carpets, building materials, paints, and furniture, particularly when new Air Section 2 • Ventilation, or mixing outdoor air with indoor air necessary for good air quality – renovation and painting- ventilation should be increased. Air Section 2 Radon Gas • Colorless, tasteless, odorless, and radioactive • Occurs naturally in the Earth’s crust, can seep through cracks and holes in foundations into homes, offices, and schools • Inhale contaminated dust, radioactivity destroys genetic material in cells, lead to cancer – second-leading cause of lung cancer in US Air Section 2 Asbestos • Six silicate minerals that form bundles of minute fibers that are heat resistant, flexible, and durable – primarily used as an insulator, fire retardant, building material – use of most asbestos products banned in the early 1970s – can cut and scar the lungs: disease asbestosis • difficulty breathing, may eventually die of heart failure Air Section 2 Noise Pollution • Noise: a sound of any kind • Pollutant when too loud, or unecessay • Health problems: loss of hearing, high blood pressure, and stress, loss of sleep – may lead decreased productivity at work and in the classroom. Air Section 2 • Decibel: unit (dB ) used to measure loudness • The quietest sound that a human ear can hear is at 0 dB • Each increase in 10 times higher than previous level – 120 dB is at the threshold of pain. – permanent deafness can result from continuous exposure to sounds over 120 dB. Air Section 2 Light Pollution • Not a direct hazard to human health – inefficient lighting in urban areas is diminishing our view of the night sky – urban sky often much brighter than the natural sky • Environmental concern: energy wasted when a light is directed upward and lost to space – Causes: billboards, poor-quality street lights, lighting of building exteriors – Solutions: shielding light so it is directed downward, time controls, energy-efficient low-pressure sodium sources