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Petroleum Lenka Kašparová Lenka Krpatová Petroleum • Thick dark brown or greenish liquid • It‘s name comes from Latin petr – rock and oleum – oil • Sometimes we called it black gold • Petrol exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth‘s crust Origin of petrol • It‘s formed from decayded prehistoric animals and plants • Over many centuries this organic matter, mixed with mud, is burried under thick sedimentary layers of material. Composition • Petroleum consists of hydrocarbons • Non-hyrocarbon fractions – which might also include sulphur (till 4%), nitrogen (till 1%), oxygen (till 1%) • Traces of metals – vanadium, nickel,…. • Mineral additions – water, sand, salts Treatment of petroleum I • Petroleum is processed by atmospheric pressure distillation: – Gasseous products – methan, ethan, propan, butan – Petrol ether (solvent, engine fuel) – Light and heavy petrol (automobile fuel) Treatment of petroleum II •Kerosene (jet engine fuel) – Gasoil (diesel fuel) – Lubrication oil (engine oil) – Remaining fractions(tar, asphalt, synthetic rubber, colours…) Environmentals effects • Burning oil releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming. • Renewable energy source alternatives do exist, although the degree to which they can replace petroleum and the possible environmental damage they may cause are uncertain and controversial. Thank you for your attention.