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In The Name Of Allah, Most Beneficent, the Merciful You were at the brink of a pit of fire, • and He saved you therefrom You shall hold fast to the rope of GOD, all of you, and do not be divided. Recall GOD's blessings upon you - you used to be enemies and He reconciled your hearts. By His grace, you became brethren. You were at the brink of a pit of fire, and He saved you therefrom. GOD thus explains His revelations for you, that you may be guided. 103 Al Imran This Aiat (verse) is directed to the two tribes of El Medina Al Munawara; namely Al Aws and El Khazrag. God has given them two blessings: 1- They were enemies but Allah made them beloved. 2- El Medina was at the brink of a pit of fire, I.e. they were about to have a volcanic eruption but Allah saved them from it. The mechanism of Harrat( series of small volcanoes formation- A magma hole of fire that gets opened and closed as the movement of crust( plate tectonics) brings the pit in conjunction with a crack in the crust. Ref: solar system 161 The existence of some shield volcanoes in El Harrat implies that plate tectonic might have stopped for a while during geological history Al Harrat in the vecinity of Medina El Monwara The Harrat of El Hegaz The two harrats around El Medina Khayber at North Rahat to the south • • • • Volcanic activities near El Medina 1- 21 Higra earthquake = 644 AD At Rahat preceded by 2- 460 Higra At Khyber 3- 654 Higra = 1256 AD Khayber preceded by earthquakes At first at Rahat then at 4- recently earthquakes at Khayber At Khayber 300 mild The Prophet Mohamed peace be upon him said “The Hour will not come unless Fire comes out from the land El Higaz and will be seen on the necks of camels at Busra” ( in Syria) Harrat" is a plural form of a term given to the lava • Harrat Ash- .fields of the Arabian Penninsula Shamah is located in NW Saudi Arabia and extends into Jordan and Syria. These fields are made of tuff ,fluid basaltic lavas and have cinder cones composite volcanoes and small shield ,rings volcanoes scattered across them. The basalts contain plagioclase, olivine and pyroxene minerals. The volcanic activity which created the lava fields • happened in five separate episodes. During the quiet periods between eruptions, winds blew sands onto the lavas, so that there is an inter-layering of sediments and lavas. The volcanic activity began 10-14 million years ago, and the most recent eruptions were only a few hundred years ago. Eruptions will probably resume in the future. The volcanic activity took place from long fissures, and An elongate that is relatively the areaGraben: has grabens, faultcrustal scarpsblock and fractures. depressed (downdropped) between two fault systems