Download MR. Fineman Physics Honors

Do Now – 5 Minutes
Topic – Anatomy of the Earth
• Based on the rules we learned yesterday,
determine the chronological order of the
strata shown below.
Homework
 Log on to successnetplus.com
 Read Earth’s “Spheres” on
Pages 74 – 75.
Anatomy of the Earth
 Earth is a unique place where many types of
matter continuously interacts with other forms
of matter.
 Looking at the Earth,
what are the four
major parts that
make up our Earth?
 Rocks
 Water
 Life
 Atmosphere
Anatomy of the Earth
 These different parts of the Earth are referred
to as “spheres” of the Earth.
 They each sphere is formerly known as:
 Geosphere
 Hydrosphere
 Biosphere
 Atmosphere
Geosphere
 Geo – Latin prefix for Earth
and ground.
 The geosphere extends
from the center of the
Earth to the surface of
the Earth.
 The hard rock at, and below
the surface is called the
lithosphere.
Geosphere
 The top layer is called the
crust.
 Oceanic crust is 5 – 10 km
thick. Continental crust
is 35 – 70 km thick.
 The mantle is the layer
beneath the crust.
 The mantle is
about 2,900 km thick.
 It is made of slow-flowing,
solid rock.
Geosphere
 Earth’s center, called the
core, has a radius of
3,500 km.
 The core is solid and made
up of iron and nickel.
 It is incredibly dense.
Hydrosphere
 Hydro – Latin prefix for water.
 The hydrosphere is
made up of all liquid
water on the Earth.
 Oceans, lakes, rivers,
marshes, groundwater,
rain, and water in
clouds are all part of it.
Hydrosphere
 Most of Earth’s water (97%) is salty and in the
oceans.
 Of the remaining 3%, 2/3 rds of that water is
frozen in the polar ice caps.
 The remaining 1%
of the hydrosphere
is liquid freshwater.
 Most of that is
groundwater in the
soil.
Biosphere
 Bio – Latin prefix for life.
 The biosphere is made up of all living things
and the areas of Earth where they are found.
Which spheres are interacting here?
Biosphere
 The biosphere includes all plants, animals,
bacteria, fungi, and single-celled organisms
found on Earth.
 Most of this life exists no deeper than 10 feet
into the ground, or about 600 feet above the
ground.
Atmosphere
 Atmo – Latin prefix for vapor or air.
 The atmosphere is made up of gases that
surround and protect the Earth.
 It extends from the
surface of Earth to
500 – 600 km above
the surface of Earth.
Atmosphere
 Most of the gases in the atmosphere lie
within 8 to 50 km of Earth’s surface.
 The atmosphere is about 78% Nitrogen,
21% Oxygen, and 1% other gases.
 The atmosphere traps energy from the
sun, which keeps Earth warm.
 Weather and wind exist in the
atmosphere.
Earth’s Spheres
 Do Earth’s spheres operate independently of
each other?
 What seems to
be the
common
link between
each sphere?
Sphere Interactions
 Which spheres are interacting in this picture?
Sphere Interactions
 Which spheres are interacting in this picture?
Sphere Interactions
 Which spheres are interacting in this picture?
Sphere Interactions
 Which spheres are interacting in this picture?
Sphere Interactions
 Which spheres are interacting in this picture?
Sphere Interactions
 Your turn!
 What are examples of you interacting with the
Earth’s different spheres that you experience
on a daily basis.