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Warm- up 3/17: •What is a trophic level? •How much energy is transferred between trophic levels? • Where does the lost energy go? Biogeochemical Cycling In The Ecosystem pp. 371-374 DEFINITIONS • Ecosystem: an environment where the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things affect one another • Biogeochemical process: circulation of substances through living organisms and the environment WATER CYCLE • Evaporation: water vapor enters the atmosphere • Transpiration: evaporation of water through the leaves of plants • Precipitation: water vapor that leaves the atmosphere CARBON CYCLE • Photosynthesis: converting light energy into organic compounds CO2 from atmosphere to macromolecules • Cellular respiration: breaking down organic compounds to release energy Carbon from Macromolecules to CO2 into atmosphere • Combustion: burning of fossil fuels for energy releases CO2 Carbon from old Macromolecules to CO2 into atmosphere NITROGEN CYCLE • nitrogen fixation: bacteria convert nitrogen gas to usable form (ammonia) • ammonification: decomposers break down proteins/nucleic acids to NH3 (ammonia) • nitrification: bacteria convert NH3 to nitrates/nitrites (i.e. like fertilizers) • assimilation: plants take up nitrates/nitrites to make amino acids • denitrification: bacteria return nitrogen to atmosphere Homework Friday: • Biome Week One Due • Quiz: Friday Due Monday: • Read P 371- 374 • P 374 #1-5 ENERGY TRANSFER Trophic Level: position in a series of energy transfers FOOD CHAIN • Single pathway that traces the transfer of energy Large Carnivore • 3˚ Consumer (tertiary) • Killer Whale Small Carnivore • 2˚Consumer (secondary) • Ex: Sea Otter Herbivore • 1˚ Consumer (primary) • Ex: Sea Urchin Producer • Ex: Kelp FOOD WEB •Interconnected food chains •Arrows show transfer of ENERGY