Download Bacteria

Výukový materiál MB 04 - 99
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
BACTERIA AND ALGAE
2014
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL CELL
SHAPES OF BACTERIA
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spherical shape = cocci
diplococci
chains – streptococci
grape-like formations (clusters) – staphylococci
stick-shaped form– sticks
bacilli:
stick-shaped bacteria
the have got spores inside
resistant against adverse influences
DESCRIBE SHAPES OF BACTERIA
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA - DNA
loosely placed only one DNA
 circular
 DNA = one chromosome = nucleoid
 it carries about 3.500 genes
 nucleoid attached to the cytoplasmic
membrane in 2 places
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REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA
asexually > transversal binary division
1. one circular DNA duplicates
2. 2 identic copies originate
3. the cell grows
4. plasmatic membrane infolds
5. division of mother cell into two daughter cells
 the same genetic information
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TRANSVERSE DIVISION
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
NUTRITION
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bacteria have lived on the Earth for 3,5 billion
years
in the soil, water, air, in bodies of animals and
plants
they need energy and a source of carbon:
phototrophic bacteria: they use the solar energy
chemotrophic: they gain the energy from the
oxidation of chemical substances
autotrophic: source of carbon from CO2
heterotrophic: source of carbon from organic
substances
CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
ACCORDING TO METABOLISM
1) phototrophic bacteria
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they use solar energy
photosynthesis >> the source of hydrogen is not
the water but hydrogen sulphide or directly
molecular hydrogen!!
they never release oxygen like green plants and
algae
photo-autotrophic bacteria : as the source of
carbon is used carbon dioxide
photo-heterotrophic bacteria : as the source of
carbon is used organic substances
CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
ACCORDING TO METABOLISM
2) chemo-trophic bacteria :
 they gain energy from oxidation of organic or inorganic
substances
 a) chemo-autotrophic bacteria:
 oxidation of inorganic substances
 b) chemo-heterotrophic bacteria:
 oxidation of organic substances – fermentation or
respiration
 most common!!!
 saprophytic bacteria > they mineralize organic
substances
 Into inorganic accompanied by release of heat
 parasitic bacteria
CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
ACCORDING TO OXYGEN
1) aerobic bacteria:
 they use aerobic oxygen
2) anaerobic bacteria:
 without air oxygen
 they gain energy from fermentation of organic
substances, especially glucose = glycolysis
 Lactobacillus bulgaricus
 it ferments lactose into pyroracemid acid >
further into lactic acid
 importance in dairy industry
CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
ACCORDING TO OXYGEN
obligatory anaerobic bacteria:
 they permanently live without air oxygen
 oxygen is for them poisonous
 facultatively anaerobic:
 they can live with or without oxygen
SOURCES
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JELÍNEK, Jan a Vladimír ZICHÁČEK. Biologie pro gymnázia: teoretická a
praktická část. 2. dopl. a rozš. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 1998.
ISBN 80-718-2050-4
KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168-714-6.
CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc:
Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0.
ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 80-86960-153.
ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797
s. ISBN 80-718-3268-5