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Ecology and Evolution Classification Identifying Living Organisms Classification • Why classify organisms? – Species identification: Provides an organized catalogue that allows us to find and interpret species characteristics – Predictive value: allows is to make inferences and to establish similarities about members of the same taxonomic groups – Evolutionary links: species that are in the same group probably share characteristics because they have evolved from a common ancestor, so the classification of groups can be used to predict how they evolved. Scientific names • Binomial Nomenclature: Species and genus – Species is defined as a group of organisms with similar characteristics, which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Every species is classified into a genus – Genus is a group of similar species • Musca domestica • Gorilla gorilla • Homo sapiens • Pan troglodytes • Drosophila melanogaster Five Kingdoms Classwork: List chacteristics • Prokaryotae – Monerans; all type of bacteria • Protoctista- simplest eukaryotic organisms, w/ unicellular and multicellular organisms; amoeba and algae • Fungi- eukaryotic organisms with chitin in their cell walls • Plantae- eukaryotic organisms with cellulose in their cell walls; mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms • Animalia-eukaryotic organisms w/out cell walls Levels of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Blue whale Humans Animalia Animalia Chordata Chordata Mammalia Mammalia Cetacea Primate Balaenopteridae Hominidae Balaenoptera Homo Baleanoptera musculus Homo sapiens Taxonomic Keys • Also called dichotomous or identification keys • They are “two branched keys” designed to allow the identification of organisms in the field • They are specific to areas and groups of organisms • . Researchers often need to make inventories of organisms in the field. Taxonomic keys are good tools