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Chapter 4.7 Mitochondria AP Biology Fall 2010 Objectives • Describe the structure and function of the mitochondria • Understand the origins of the mitochondria Mitochondria • Mitochondria: primary organelles for transferring the energy in carbohydrates to ATP under oxygen-plentiful conditions • Reactions in this organelle help cells extract more energy from organic compounds than they can get by any other means Mitochondria • Structure: – Each mitochondria has two membranes, an inner folded membrane (cristae) surrounded by a smooth outer membrane – Inner and out membranes important in energy transformations Mitochondria • Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria – Requires free oxygen – A.R = the production of ATP from glucose Mitochondria • Membrane arrangement creates two compartments • Hydrogen ions become stockpiled in outer compartment, ions then flow to inner compartment in controlled way • Energy inherent in the flow drives ATP production Mitochondria • No prokaryotes have mitochondria • Nearly all eukaryotes do • Different cells contain different amounts of mitochondria depending on their needs Mitochondria • Resemble bacteria in size and biochemistry • Like bacteria, have their own DNA and divide on their own apart from the cell • Have ribosomes MItochondria • Endosymbiosis: theory that explains how mitochondria may have once been independent ancient prokaryotic cells – Became engulfed by another cell but became permanent – Remaining with host cell as an endosymbiont Mitochondria Review 1. What are the main structural components of the mitochondria? 2. What is the main process that occurs in the mitochondria? 3. In what ways does the mitochondria’s structure help it’s function? Answers 1. The main structural components include the outer membrane and the inner membrane called the cristae. The inner compartment makes up the mitochondrial matrix. 2. The main process that occurs in the mitochondria is ATP synthesis. 3. The many inner membrane folds give a larger surface area for ATP synthesis and the electron transfer chain.
