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Hot Springs Hot Springs • Natural flow of underground water to the surface of the Earth • Water percolates underground through rock, soil, and sediment • Some water may have traveled great distances underground before resurfacing as a spring • Underground water is heated geothermally by the mantle (30 – 100°C ) • Can occur at volcanic and non-volcanic areas Types of Eruptions • Water heats up as it comes into contact with magma • If the water becomes so hot that it builds steam pressure and erupts in a jet above the surface of the Earth, it is called a geyser • If the water only reaches the surface in the form of steam, it is called a fumarole • If the water is mixed with mud and clay, it is called a mud pot Therapeutic Uses • Hot springs often have high mineral content in the water, such as calcium, lithium, and sulfur • This is because the water absorbs minerals as it percolates through the ground • Also, heated water can hold more dissolved solids • The water is thought to have therapeutic and medicinal value • Thus, many hot springs are visited by tourists from around the world Life Around Springs • Organisms that can survive near hot springs are called thermophiles • These include various bacteria, algae, and some reptiles Famous Hot Springs • Yellowstone, Wyoming • Blue Lagoon, Iceland • Dallol, Ethiopia