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Transcript 
Serial Symbiosis
Hugh B. Fackrell
Symbiosis
Computer Filename: Symbiov7.ppt
File viewer: Pptview97.exe
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Background Terms & Concepts
Prokaryotes
 Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
 Evolution of eukaryotes

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Background Concepts
Nucleus
 Endoplasmic reticulum
 Golgi complex
 Vesicles
 Flagella
 Cytoskeleton
 Ribosomes

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Serial Symbiosis: Outline
Overview
 Predatory Bacteria
 Aquisition of :

– Motility
– Nucleus
– Mitochondrion
– Chloroplast
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Origin of Modern Eukaryotes
Universal Ancestor
Archaebacteria
Nuclear
Eukaryotes
Archaea
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Eukaryotes +
mitocondrion
Eucarya
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Eukaryotes +
chloroplasts
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Origin of Modern Eukaryotes
Universal Prokaryote Ancestor
Archaea
Nuclear eukaryote
Eubacteria
Eukaryote +
mitochrondia
Eukaryotes +
chloroplasts
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Serial symbiosis

8
Creation of a stable aerobic eukaryote
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Serial Symbiosis
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Serial Symbiosis
Anaerobic Prokaryotic
Predator
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
endocytosis
Gene
exchange for stability
Aerobic Prokaryote
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Predatory Bacteria:
Bdellovibrio
Grows in
Periplasmic
space of Gm-ve
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Predatory bacteria:
Daptobacter
Grows in the cytoplasm of its prey
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Prokaryotic Origins
of
Motility
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Motility Symbiosis

1
Flagella of bacteria embedded in pockets
of a eukaryote provide motility
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Nuclear Origins
Nuclear Filiation

obscuriglobus
Partition genophore from cytoplasm
via membranes Perchloron
 Endospores: engulfment of DNA
 Partition by invagination of plasma
membrane
 Nuclear membrane continuous with ER
and plasma membrane
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
1
Nucleoid membrane: Gemmata
Mitotic Apparatus: symbiotic

1
Centiole-kinetosomes acquired by
symbiosis from spirochaetes
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Prokaryotic Origins of
Chloroplasts
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EM of Chlorella in gullet
of
Paramecium
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Photosynthetic Symbiosis
Paramecium bursaria with photosynthetic symbiotic Chlorella
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EM of Chlorella s in gullet
of
Paramecium
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Photosynthetic symbiosis

2
Cell wall of
symbiotic alga
peeling away into
the vesicle of the
host
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Symbiotic spirochetes
Margulis p 282
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Prokaryotic Origins of
Mitochondria
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Symbiotic spirochetes
Margulis p 282
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Paracoccus denitrificans most
likely source of mitochondria
Prochlorophyte: Prochloron
Extracellular symbionts of tunicates
 Produce chlorophylls a & b
 Unicellular
 Spherical,
 No sheaths

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Tunicates: sessile filter feeders
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Tunicate: structural diagram
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