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BACTERIA NOTES 1 Bacteria are very small 2 This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria 3 Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei 4 Bacteria Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it 5 Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch 6 Evolution/Classification Most numerous on Earth Most Ancient Microscopic Prokaryotes 7 Kingdom Eubacteria Can have one of three basic shapes 1. Bacilli – rod-shaped 2. Spirilla – spiral-shaped 3. Cocci – sphere-shaped Staphylococci – grape-like clusters Streptococci – in chains SHOW ME 8 BACTERIA PICS 9 Bacillus bacteria are rod or sausage shaped 10 Coccus bacteria are sphere or ball shaped 11 Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape 12 Diplo-bacteria occur in pairs, such as the diplococcus bacteria that causes gonorrhea 13 Staphylo bacteria occur in clumps, such as this staphylococcus bacteria that causes common infections of cuts 14 Streptobacteria occur in chains of bacteria, such as this streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore throats 15 Spirillium bacteria 16 Diplobacillus bacteria 17 Streptococcus bacteria 18 Staphylococcus bacteria 19 The tip of a needle The red and yellow dots are bacteria 20 STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA Structure Function Cell Wall Protects and gives shape Outer Membrane Protects against antibodies (Gram Neg. Only) Cell Membrane Regulates movement of materials, contains enzymes important to cellular respiration Cytoplasm Contains DNA, ribosomes, essential compounds Chromosome Carries genetic information Plasmid Contains some genes obtained through recomb. Capsule & Protects the cell and assist in attaching cell to Slime Layer other surfaces Endospore Protects cell agains harsh enviornments Pilus Assists the cell in attaching to other surfaces Flagellum Moves the cell 21 No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm 22 Nutrition and Growth Heterotrophic or Autotrophic 23 These heterotrophic bacteria digest oil -remember oil is partially decayed plant and animal cells 24 REPRODUCTION IN BACTERIA 25 No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm 26 BACTERIA REPRODUCES BY FISSION First the chromosomal DNA makes a copy The DNA replicates 27 NEXT THE CYTOPLASM AND CELL DIVIDES The two resulting cells are exactly the same 28 Bacteria and Disease Disease Pathogen Areas affected Mode of transmission Botulism Clostridium botulinum Nerves Improperly preserved food Cholera Vibrio cholerae Intestine Contaminated water Dental Caries Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, salivarius Teeth Environment to mouth Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Urethra, fallopian Sexual contact Lyme disease Berrelia burgdorferi Skin, joints Tick bite Rocky Mountain SF Rickettsia recketsii Blood, skin Tick bite Salmonella Salmonella Intestine Contaminated food, water Strep throat Streptococcus pyogenes URT, blood, skin Sneezes, coughs, etc. Tetanus Costridium tetani Nerves Contaminated wounds Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lung, bones coughs 29 Some bacteria cause diseases -Disease causing bacteria are called PATHOGENIC 30 Helicobacter pylori is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers 31 Leprosy is a bacterial infection that decreases blood flow to the extremities resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the fingers. 32 BOTULISM 33 CHOLERA 34 DENTAL CARIES 35 ROCKY MOUNTAIN SF 36 LYME DISEASE 37 SALMONELLA 38 STREP THROAT 39 TUBERCULOSIS 40
