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Selected sections from Chapter 18
Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and
Differentiation
 Tumor
 Benign
 Malignant
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Characteristics of Benign Tumors and
Cancers
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Table 18.1
Tumors
 Benign
 Remain in one location
 Single, well-defined mass
 May be surrounded by connective tissue
 Cancerous
 Abnormal cell structure; may appear
undifferentiated
 May spread
 Edge of tumor not clearly defined
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Malignant Tumor Development
PLAY
Animation—Cancer
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Figure 18.2
How Cancer Develops
 Apoptosis
 Mutated or damaged genes
 Proto-oncogenes
 Normal regulatory genes
 Oncogenes
 Mutated or damaged proto-oncogenes
 Tumor suppressor genes
 Regulatory genes slow cell division,
 TS genes may be turned off, damaged, or
mutated in cancers
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Factors Contributing to Cancer
 Viruses and bacteria
 Chemicals in the environment
 Tobacco
 Radiation
 Dietary factors
 Internal Factors
 Free Radicals
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Cancer Treatments
 Conventional treatments
 Surgery
 Radiation
 Chemotherapy
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Ten Most Common Cancers
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Table 18.3
Most Cancers Are Preventable
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Know family history
Get regular medical screenings
Learn self-examination techniques
Avoid direct sunlight 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.,
sunlamps, and tanning salons
Watch diet and weight
Don’t smoke
Drink in moderation, if at all
Be informed
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