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Transcript 
Evolution
Lec 11 11Feb02
http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/
ID: eee105
Password: prAIRie
The Depth of Evolutionary Time
Oldest fossils: ~3.7 billion years ago
microbial microfossils
Making the history of life proportionate to
one year, each day is 10 million years long
The Year of Life
Earth’s origin was Oct 15 of the
previous year
Life begins, Jan 1, 12 midnight
prokaryotes
The Year of Life
Earth’s origin was Oct 15 of the
previous year
Life begins, Jan 1, 12 midnight
prokaryotes
The Year of Life
Life begins, Jan 1, 12 midnight
prokaryotes
When do our kind of species evolve?
Atmosphere goes aerobic on June 19
2 billion years ago
Photosynthetic prokaryotes did it
The Year of Life
Aug 18
1st Eukaryotes
1.4 billion years ago
Oct 23
1st Animals
700 million years ago
Nov 2
Start fossil record 600 MYA
Nov 10
1st Vertebrates
a jawless fish
an ostracoderm
The Year of Life
27 Nov
1st amphibians
The Year of Life
27 Nov
1st amphibians
4 Dec
1st reptiles
The Year of Life
27 Nov
1st amphibians
4 Dec
1st reptiles
8 Dec - 23 Dec Age of dinosaurs
150 million years !
The Year of Life
27 Nov
1st amphibians
4 Dec
1st reptiles
8 Dec - 23 Dec Age of dinosaurs
150 million years !
150 million years
is a success story
The Year of Life
the first
Dec 14
mammals
Dec 16
birds
The Year of Life
the first
Dec 14
mammals
Dec 16
Dec 22
birds
flowering plants
The Year of Life
the first
Dec 14
mammals
Dec 16
Dec 22
birds
flowering plants
Dec 23
primates
The Year of Life
the first
Dec 14
mammals
Dec 16
Dec 22
birds
flowering plants
Dec 23
primates
The Year of Life
When humans?
Dec 31 ~2 pm
first hominids
Dec 31 11:45 pm
Neanderthals
The Year of Life
Dec 31
~2 pm
first hominids
Dec 31 11:45 pm
Neanderthals
Dec 31 11:54 pm
Homo sapiens
Dec 31 11:58 pm last ice age
Last 70 seconds Human history
Natural selection
How evolve adaptations ?
Darwin on the Galapagos
Galapagos Islands
Galapagos Islands
“transmutation” of species
Natural selection
(1) Individuals vary
genetic diversity, always
results from sexual reproduction
(2) Overproduction of progeny
N
K
biotic potential
logistics curve
t
(2) Overproduction of progeny
(2) Overproduction of progeny
(2) Overproduction of progeny
only a few survive
N
K
biotic potential
logistics curve
lost
t
(3) Competition between individuals
(4) Fittest individuals survive
and reproduce
Thus, population becomes better adapted
e.g. a population of bacteria
N
now add antibiotic
0% antibiotic resistance 100%
(4) Fittest individuals survive
and reproduce
Thus, population becomes better adapted
e.g. a population of bacteria
N
now add antibiotic
0% antibiotic resistance 100%
(4) Fittest individuals survive
and reproduce
Thus, population becomes better adapted
e.g. a population of bacteria
N
now add antibiotic
0% antibiotic resistance 100%
(4) Fittest individuals survive
and reproduce
Thus, population becomes better adapted
e.g. a population of bacteria
N
now add antibiotic
and they reproduce
population
is antibiotic
resistant
0% antibiotic resistance 100%
a routine mutant hunt …..
bacterial colonies
on petri plate
agar + penicillin
a routine mutant hunt …..
penicillin-resistant colony
bacterial colonies
on petri plate
agar + penicillin
Antibiotic resistance in disease bacteria
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