Download Cellular Respiration

Ch. 7:
Cellular
Respiration
Getting Energy from food
Cellular Respiration:
making
usable energy in
ATP
the form of ________,
from organic compounds
glucose
like _________.
2 Types of Cellular Respiration:
1. Aerobic Respiration:
oxygen
– Requires ___________
mitochondria
– Occurs in the ___________
– Get the maximum amount
of energy from glucose- 36
ATP
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20
2. Anaerobic Respiration
oxygen
– Does NOT use __________
cytoplasm
– Occurs in the ___________
– Get only a small amount of
energy out of glucose 2 ATP
– Generally occurs in bacteria
and yeast cells.
Glycolysis:

a.
b.
c.
glucose
means “to break ________”.
It’s the first step in both
aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
It does not use oxygen.
Occurs in the cytoplasm.
Add energy
ATP
from _____to
a
glucose
molecule.
glucose
2. The _________
splits into 2 3carbon
molecules
(PGAL)
1.
3.
+
NAD
gains
electrons to
become NADH.
4. Four phosphates
are taken from the
3-carbon molecule
to make ATP and 2
molecules of
pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis Summary
Starts
with: glucose
Ends with: pyruvic acid,
NADH, ATP
Net ATP production: 2 ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation:
After
glycolysis, the NADH
transfers an electron to the
Pyruvic ____,
acid regenerating
______
the NAD+ and creating
Lactic acid
_____
____.
Examples of lactic acid fermentation:
Dairy
production:
Microorganisms that use
lactic acid fermentation eat
the sugar in milk. The
lactic acid ferments the
milk to make cheese,
yogurt, etc.
Muscles:
When your muscle cells
run out of oxygen, they
can switch to lactic acid
fermentation to make
some ATP. But the lactic
acid builds up in muscles,
causing them to cramp.
Alcoholic Fermentation:
After glycolysis, the pyruvic
acid loses a carbon to make
CO2 The electron from
____.
NADH is then transferred to
the remaining 2-carbon
molecule, which makes it
ethyl alcohol
____________.
Examples of alcoholic fermentation:
Wine
and beer industry:
Yeast cells eat sugars and
make the waste product
ethyl alcohol, which is the
alcohol in wine and beer.
Bread
making:
Yeast make bread rise
because they produce CO2.
The alcohol evaporates
during baking.
Fermentation Summary
 Occurs
in cytoplasm
 Summary: “empty” the NADH so we can
repeat glycolysis with the next glucose
–2Pyruvate  CO2 and Ethanol (yeast)
or
- 2Pyruvate  Lactic Acid (bacteria and
muscle cells)
NO MORE ATP CHARGED!
ATP Tallies:
Anaerobic:
- Glycolysis: used 2, made 4
- Fermentation: used 0, made 0
Total: +2 per glucose
Review questions
1.
2.
3.
What is the high energy molecule
made in respiration?
If oxygen is NOT used to break
down glucose, what type of
respiration is that?
What causes your muscles to
cramp?
Aerobic Respiration
Using O2
Mitochondria
Aerobic Respiration
Continued
from glycolysis:
Pyruvic Acid moves to the
Mitochondri
_________a
Pyruvic
acid
reacts with
coenzyme A
and makes CO
___,
2
NADH and
_____,
becomes acetyl
CoA
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA continues to Krebs
Cycle where carbon dioxide,
ATP, and, FADH2, NADH are
made.
Summary of Kreb’s Cycle
Starts with: pyruvic acid, CoA
Reaction:
–2Pyruvate  2Acetyl-CoA + CO2
–2Acetyl-CoA  4CO2
Ends
with: CO2 , 2ATP, 6NADH,
2FADH2,
Krebs
–Can bacteria do Krebs??
Electron Transport Chain
1.
NADH and FADH2 give up
electrons to the ETC.
_________
2.
Electrons are passed down the
energy
ETC and give off __________.
3.
Energy is used to pump _______
H+ ions
out of mitochondrial matrix.
4.
H+ ions diffuse back into the
matrix through the
ATP synthase
_____________.
This produces a lot of ATP.
5.
Oxygen is the final electron
_______
acceptor. Electrons and H+
ions combine with O2 to make
water.
Electron Transport Chain
 Summary:
Gather up ALL the electron
carriers and “empty” them to “charge”
lots of ATP
 Reaction:
–O2 H2O
Energy molecules USED: 10 NADH (from
krebs and glycolysis) + 2 FADH (from
krebs)
Summary
Starts
with: NADH, FADH2
Ends with: ATP, water
ATP Tallies:
Aerobic:
- Glycolysis: used 2, made 4
- Krebs: used 0, made 2
- ETC: used 0, made 32
Total: +36 ATP per glucose
Energy Summary Table
# of ATP
made
from
one
sugar
Anaerobic
Respiration
(Glycolysis)
Aerobic
Respiration
(Krebs cycle
and ETC)
2
36
Overall Energy Summary for Aerobic Respiration
Reactants (used up/broken down)
Products (created/built up)
Glucose + 2ATP
2 Pyruvate


2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH
2CO2 + 2Acetyl-CoA + 2NADH
2Acetyl-CoA

6NADH + 2FADH2 + 2ATP+ 4CO2
10NADH + 2FADH2 + 6O2

32ATP + 4CO2 + 6H2O
What’s Left?

Final Reaction for Aerobic Respiration
Overall reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
ATP