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Bacteria and Viruses
Chapter 23 and 24
• Bacteria are bigger than viruses
• Viruses can infect bacteria
– bacteriophage
• Bacteria grow in colonies
• We culture bacteria on an agar gel in a
petri plate
• ANTIBIOTICS- work only BACTERIA!
• 3 shapes: cocci (sphere), bacillus (rod
shaped), spirillum (spiral- shaped)….
• MRSA• MRSA infection is caused by
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria — often
called "staph." MRSA stands for
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus. It's a strain of staph that's resistant
to the broad-spectrum antibiotics
commonly used to treat it. MRSA can be
fatal.
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H. pylori- gets thru acid and causes stomach ulcers
E. Coli- in excrement (toxins)
Salmonella- uncooked eggs (toxins)
Strepococcus Aureus- strep throat
Clostridum botulinum- Botulism- Botox
Lactobacillus- make yogurt
Bacillus anthracis- Anthrax
Treponema Pallidum- Syphillis
Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme disease
Clostridum Tetanus- skin wound- nerve
Page 472
Anti-biotics
• Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming
in 1928 by accident
Antibiotics
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Bio- means “living”
Viruses are NOT alive
Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial
infections
• Ex. Erythromycin, Ampecillin,
List of common antibiotics
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Penicillin – interrupts building of cell wall
Tetracylcine- blocks protein synthesis
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Bacitracin
Viruses
• Are not considered ALIVE, because they
have to be inside of a host cell to
reproduce….
• However they do have DNA and RNA
Viral structure
Viral Infections
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Chicken Pox- shingles (herpes family)
Small pox- cow pox
Genital Herpes/ cold sores
Viral hepatitis
HIV which causes AIDS
Ebola Virus- hemorrhagic fever
Hanta virus- mice/rodents- pneumonia
SARS- civet cats
Influenza
Tattooing
• One of the dangers of getting tattoos is
getting Hepatitis- C which is caused by a
virus
• http://www.5min.com/Video/How-TattoosAre-Made-11919
Hepatitis - C Virus
• Infects
the
liver
and
can
cause
death
History of vaccines
• Small pox has been around
since at least 1350 BC
• 1022 BC- Buddhist nun“variolation” people that
survived smallpox would
never get it again- grind up
scabs and blow powder
• 2-3% disastrous- 10 fold
improvement
• Edward Jenner- 1790’s realizes that
people that work w/ cows… develop
cowpox… but not the deadly smallpox
• So he took pus from a cowpox lesion on a
milkmaid and injected an 8 yr old boythen exposed him
• VACCINE comes from the latin word vaca
which means?
Vaccines
• To make a vaccine you take a tiny bit of
the dead (inactive virus) and you inject it
into a healthy person
• Then the person’s T cells then are able to
recognize, and destroy the invaders before
they get too far
Anti-viral meds
• Are used for specific viruses
• They don’t destroy the virus- they just
inhibit their development. (Like making
changes so that the virus cannot get into
the cell)
• ONLY CURE- your own body’s defenses!
How do I know if…
• It’s a Viral Infection ….
• Or Bacterial Infection…..
Viral Symptoms
• In general, viral infections are systemic. This
means they involve many different parts of the
body or more than one body system at the same
time; i.e. a runny nose, sinus congestion, cough,
body aches etc.
• They can be local at times as in viral
conjunctivitis or "pink eye" and herpes.
• Only a few viral infections are painful, like
herpes.
• The pain of viral infections is often described as
itchy or burning
Bacterial Symptoms
• localized redness, heat, swelling and pain.
• local pain, pain that is in a specific part of the
body. Ex.) Cut with bacteria?, pain will occur at
the site of the infection.
• Bacterial throat pain is often characterized by
more pain on one side of the throat. An ear
infection is more likely to be diagnosed as
bacterial if the pain occurs in only one ear
• A possibly infected cut that produces pus and
milky-colored liquid is most likely infected
Impetigo