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AP Biology Photosynthesis Part 1 Autotroph - Plants Autotroph - Algae Autotroph - Phytoplankton Autotroph - Bacteria Heterotroph - Animal Heterotroph - Fungus Chloroplasts in plant leaf cells Chloroplast Photosynthesis chemical reaction (Remember… conservation of matter.) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + Heat Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions Light Dependent Reactions These reactions start the process of photosynthesis by using energy from sunlight to create ATP and NADPH. Energy from excited electrons is used to later create glucose. Photosynthesis Calvin Cycle – Light Independent Reactions Light Independent Reactions These reactions follow the light dependent reactions and use the energy from the stored electrons to create glucose. Electromagnetic Spectrum Absorption vs. Reflection As we know from Sophomore Biology, chloroplasts absorb all wavelengths of light except for green light. This light is reflected away from the chloroplasts, thus causing most plants to appear green. How do we know that chloroplasts absorb all wavelengths of light except for green? Are there any experiments that could be done to show this phenomenon? Chloroplasts REFLECTING Green Light White light Refracting prism Chlorophyll solution Photoelectric tube Galvanometer 0 Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength Green light 100 The high transmittance (low absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs very little green light. Chlorophyll ABSORBING Blue light to power photosynthesis White light Refracting prism Chlorophyll solution Photoelectric tube 0 Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength Blue light 100 The low transmittance (high absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs most blue light. Chloroplasts absorbing the blue and the red light waves. The green is NOT being absorbed. Chlorophyll Molecule (How many electrons are in Mg’s outer shell?) Hint: Look at the Periodic Table. Answer: 2 These 2 electrons will be important! Photosystem and collecting sunlight energy. Photosystems 1 and 2 Where are the photosystems located?