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Chapter 17
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Classification
 The
grouping of objects or
information based on similiarities
Taxonomy


Science of
classification
1st classification
system was done
by Aristotle
(Greek
Philosopher).
Aristotle’s Classification
 Animals
were classified as to where they
lived.
 Land dewellers
 Water dewellers
 Air dewellers
 Plants were classified as the following
 Herbs
 Shrubs
 Trees
Carolus Linnaeus

Swedish naturalist formulated a system
called Binomial Nomenclature
Two word naming system (all organisms given
scientific names
 Consists of the genus & species
 Latin Words / Italicized
 Ex.


Man = Homo(Genus) sapien(Species)

Lynx rufus (Lynx = Genus, rufus = species)
Scientific Naming
7 Basic Taxa for Classification
Kingdom – Largest grouping 6
 Phylum – subgroup of kingdom
 Class – subgroup of phylum
 Order – subgroup of class
 Family – subgroup of order
 Genus – subgroup of family
 Species – subgroup of species

Example: Man
Kingdom – Animalia
 Phylum – Chordata – backbone like
structure
 Class – Mammalia – female produce
milk for their young
 Order – Primate – stand upright
 Family – Homindae – manlike
structure
 Genus – Homo – true man
 Species – sapien - wise

Classification Taxonomy
Organisms are classified by:
 1.
Structural similarities
 2. Embryological Evidence
 3. Genetic Similarities
(chromosomes)
 4. Biochemical
 5. Geographical distribution
How do you classify?
17.2 The Six Kingdoms



Evolutionary Relationships
Phylogenetic Classification
 Phylogeny – shows the evolutionary
history of species
Models
 Cladogram – model of the phylogeny of a
species
 Fanlike – includes both Earth’s geologic
time and the probable evolution of
organisms during the timespan
Cladograms
Six Kingdoms

1. Archaebacteria – ex. Bacteria
 Prokaryotic
 Unicellular
 Autotrophic & heterotrophic
 The oldest fossil is 3.5 billion years
ago
 Live in extreme environments
(swamp, bottom of ocean)
Archaebacteria
Six Kingdoms

2. Eubacteria – ex. Bacteria (blue
green aglae)
 10,000 species
 Live everywhere except extreme
environments
 Single cell (unicellular)
 Autotrophs & heterotrophic
 Microscopic
Bacteria
Six Kingdoms

3. Kingdom
Protista – ex.
Amoeba, algae
 Single cell or
multicellular
 Aquatic (water)
 Eukaryotic
 Heterotrophic &
autotrophic
Amoeba
Six Kingdoms

4. Kingdom Fungi
– ex. Mold,
mushroom
 Eukaryotic
 Multicellular and
Unicellular
 Terrestrial
 Heterotrophic
 Cell wall contains
chitin
Six Kingdoms

5. Kingdom Plantae
(plants)
 Autotrophic
 Multicellular
 Terrestrial (land)
(mostly)
 Eukaryotic
 Cell wall make of
cellulose
Six Kingdoms

6. Kingdom
Animalia – ex. Dog,
giraffe
 Heterotrophic
 Multicellular
 Eukaryotic
 Aquatic &
Terrestrial
 Mobile