Download Chp.5 Sanitation and Sterilization

Chapter 5
DECONTAMINATION AND
INFECTION
CONTROL
Principles of Prevention
 Proper care must be taken to meet rigorous
health standards in order to prevent the
spread of diseases.
 Our clients depend upon us to ensure their
safety
Principles of Prevention
 Contamination
– Pollution, soiled with infectious matter
 Contaminate
– To make impure by contact; to taint or pollute
 Contaminant
– Any substance that causes contamination
Decontamination levels
 The act of removing pathogens and other
substances from tools or surfaces
– Sterilization
– Disinfection
– Sanitation
• Only sanitation & disinfection are required in the
salon
Disinfection
 Disinfection controls microorganisms on nonporous
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surfaces such as instruments or implements
Higher level of decontamination than sanitation
Second only to sterilization
Does not kill bacterial spores
NOT for use on human skin, hair, nails
Definition
 Sterilization
 Process of making objects germ free
 Highest level of decontamination
 Destroys every organism on surface whether
beneficial or harmful
 Kills bacterial spores
 Most resistant form of life on earth
Sterilization
 Steam autoclave –
 Now required by TDLR in schools and nail salons
– Most popular & preferred method due to proven history
– Works like a pressure cooker
– Steam injection
• Temperature is raised above that of boiling water
– Will eventually kill all living organisms, including
bacterial spores
Sterilization
 Dry heat
– Works like an oven
– Objects are baked until all forms of life are dead
IMPORTANT POINT: Don’t use the word “sterilize”
incorrectly. You can only sterilize nonporous
surfaces, such as metal implements-you cannot
sterilize the skin or nails. Sterilization is
impractical and unnecessary in salons.
Definition
Sanitation
Measures taken to prevent the spread of
infection
 Sanitation & sterilization is governed by:
Texas Department of Licensing & Regulations
Health Department
Antiseptics
 May kill or retard the growth of bacteria
Mild solution that is safe on skin
Boric acid- 2 to 5% to clean eyes
Iodine- 2% used for cuts & abrasions
Hydrogen peroxide- 3-5% for cleaning cuts
Ethyl or grain alcohol-30%-60% solution-clean
hands
Formalin- 5% solution-clean tools
Soap & water- used on hands and equipment before
applying any of the above
EPA
 Environmental Protection Agency
 Disinfectants must be approved by the EPA in
your state
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Label must contain EPA registration number
Label lists organisms the product has been tested for
Label gives directions for use
Label lists safety precautions
Label lists active ingredients
OSHA
 Occupational Safety and Health Administration
 Created as part of U.S. Department of Labor to
enforce safety and health standards in the
workplace
 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
established the Hazard Communication Rule,
which requires manufactures to assess hazards
associated with their products
MSDS
 Material Safety Data Sheets
– Provide pertinent information
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Product content
Associated hazards
Combustion levels
Storage requirements
– OSHA standards are important to cosmetology because of
nature of chemicals used; mixing, storing, and disposal of
chemicals; general safety, and our rights to know what we
are working with
Choosing a disinfectant
 Disinfectants are chemicals
– Read and follow directions
 Correct
– Means effectiveness to be used against bacteria,
fungi, and viruses
 Hospital Level Disinfectant
Disinfectants
 Destroys bacteria
 Strong solution can be harmful to skin
 Ethyl or grain alcohol
 70 to 95% to sterilize implements such as manicuring tools
 Quaternary ammonium compounds
 Nontoxic, ordorless, fast-acting
 Formalin
 37%-40% for implements, 10% for combs and brushes
 Household disinfectants
 Cresol (Lysol), Pine-sol, Clorox ( sodium hypochlorite )
 Phenols ( phenolic disinfectants )
 Caustic poison, avoid skin contact
Wet and dry sanitizers
 Wet sanitizer
– Covered receptacle large enough to
hold/immerse implements in a disinfectant
solution, such as Bio-tech, or Barbicide
 Dry sanitizer
– also called a cabinet sanitizer, airtight cabinet
or drawer to store sanitized implements