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Urban Storm Water Runoff and Inland Lakes: A Tale of Two Cities
Jarron D. Hewitt and Martin T. Auer
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
Crystal Lake,
Iron Mountain, MI
Lake Alice,
Fergus Falls, MN
ECOSYSTEM HEALTH CONCERN: COLIFORM BACTERIA AND NUTRIENT LOADING
SOLUTION: DIVERSION OF STORM SEWER INPUTS
ECOSYSTEM HEALTH CONCERN: EUTROPHICATION: ALGAE AND AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
SOLUTION: DIVERSION OF STORM SEWER INPUTS
Crystal
Lake
STORM CAD
ECOSYSTEM HEALTH CONCERN:
Oxygen Consuming Sediment and
Winter Fish Kills
Menominee
River
GOALS OF STORM SEWER DIVERSION:
•Reduce coliform bacteria inputs and improve
swimming health of the lake
•Remove inputs of phosphorus which stimulates
growth of aquatic organics
STORM CAD PROCESSES:
Design Data
Pipe Layout
drainage area
elevations
street layout
pipe locations
pipe lengths
Pipe Design Characteristics
(diameter, flow)
•Manage the 10-year design storm runoff from Iron
Mountain and Kingsford
Profiles of Pipe Network
(slope, ground cover)
•Find the least expensive option for storm sewer
diversion
ECOSYSTEM HEALTH CONCERN:
Coliform Bacteria
and Nutrient Loading
Design Storm
Diameter North
to East Pipe
Diameter East
Pipe to Junction
Chamber
Diameter New
Pipe Junction to
1st Open
Channel
Open Channel
New Pipe to
Detention Basin
(depth)
Open Channel
Detention Basin
to River (depth)
2-year
48 inches
60 inches
72 inches
66 inches
60 inches
5-year
60 inches
72 inches
72 inches
72 inches
60 inches
10-year
60 inches
72 inches
78 inches
78 inches
60 inches
25-year
60 inches
78 inches
84 inches
84 inches
60 inches
50-year
72 inches
78 inches
84 inches
90 inches
66 inches
100-year
72 inches
84 inches
90 inches
90 inches
66 inches
COST OF STORM SEWER DIVERSION:
Cost including concrete
pipe, pipe installation,
and contractor
mobilization
ECOSYSTEM HEALTH CONCERN:
Eutrophication: Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes
The majority of work done has been on Crystal Lake. Details of the work done
towards restoration of this lake are shown at right.
DESIGN 1:
DESIGN 2:
$3,870,517
$4,829,390
Storm Data
Storm CAD
idf curve
land use
design storm
calculates
area-specific
runoff
DESIGN 1:
DESIGN 2:
Uses existing
open channel
and explores
the possibility
of using
additional
open channel
to reduce the
amount of
concrete pipe
needed to
convey storm
water.
Uses existing
open channel
connected
with the
proposed
storm sewer.
This design
involves
2,580 feet of
pipe in
addition to
what is
needed for
design 1.
Existing Open Channel/Drainage Basin
Proposed Storm Sewer Pipe
Proposed Open Channel
ECOSYSTEM HEALTH CONCERN: SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND AND WINTER FISH KILLS
SOLUTION: DREDGING OF LAKE SEDIMENT AND ADDITION OF AERATORS
GOALS OF AERATION:
GOALS OF SEDIMENT DREDGING:
•Improve oxygen conditions in the lake to allow the
reestablishment of a fishery
•Removal of oxygen consuming sediment to reduce
phosphorus release and sediment oxygen demand
•Offset sediment oxygen demand from organic
decomposition
•Restore lake bottom to natural sand and improve lake
depth
Jarron Hewitt will be
continuing work on Lake Alice
post-graduation with Interstate
Engineering in Fergus Falls.