Download Nanotechnology Discovers Universal Pathogen Solution:

5th China International Silver
Conference Presentation
Nanotechnology Discovers
Universal Pathogen Solution:
Uniform Picoscalar Oligodynamic
Silver Hydrosol (UPOSH)
© 2006 by Immunogenic Research Foundation (IMREF).
Dr. John W. Apsley, II, Executive Director
7327 Silent Creek Ave., SE
Snoqualmie, WA 98065
www.imref.org
Presentation Goals
Nanotechnology’s Historical Impact Upon
Silver In Medicine.
Understanding Nanoscalar And Subnanoscalar Silver As A Universal Pathogen
Solution.
Reviewing The Medical Applications of
uniform picoscalar oligodynamic silver
hydrosol or UPOSH.
Future Research Objectives & Needs.
Silver Overview
 Silver-based drugs are the most documented universal,
broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents in modern history.
 Over 700 viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens
are documented to succumb to silver-based drugs.
 No other single antimicrobial agent competes with silver’s
proven track record of safety and broad-spectrum
application.
 With the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, highly
advanced silver hydrosols (i.e., silver in water) are reemerging as primary antimicrobial agents because there
are no valid drug resistant strains to silver.
 Silver hydrosol is the best candidate to thwart bacterial or
viral epidemics and pandemics.
Silver Overview Continued
 Silver compounds have been used as medicine since the late 1800’s
and has been well-received as an effective treatment against a wide
variety of infections by millions of individuals across the Globe.
 Silver is a natural mineral in the same class as zinc, chromium, cobalt,
copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, vanadium and zinc which are
important for health maintenance.
 Humans naturally ingest from 22 to 300 mcg of silver per day from
natural sources in food and water.
 There is evidence that silver is a natural and vital component of our
immune system and that low tissue levels associated with a dietary
deficiency may result in a relatively weakened immune system, making
one more prone to infection.
J. Nutr. 1940,19:579-592
Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine, 2001
The Journal of bone and Joint Surgery, 1978
Clin Orthop, 1977
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1976
5th China International Silver
Conference Presentation
History of Silver Hydrosol in
Medicine
History of Silver Hydrosol in Medicine
 Carey Lea (1891) announces the creation of the first silver hydrosol.
 Carl Nageli (1893) first defined the oligodynamic effect (from the Greek
oligos = few, and dynamis = power; originally oligodynamisch) as the
power of extremely small concentration of metal ions (e.g., silver and
copper) to exert potent biocidal actions.
 The Lancet (1912 & 1918) and the British Medical Journal (1917) report
stunning results utilizing silver hydrosols.
 Goetz (1940) clarifies that oligodynamic silver is only applicable to low
concentrations of silver ions (Ag+). Contrarily, microcidal actions of
heavy metal salts can only derive from high concentrations. This
clarifies why heavy metal salts are poisonous.
Rentz, Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, 2003
History of Silver Hydrosol in Medicine Cont.
 Pilcher and Sollmann (1923), Goetz (1940) and Russell et al. (1994) rated
the therapeusis and bioactivity of all silver based drugs according to
their respective silver ion content.
 Historically, Electrargol and Colsargen (circa 1910 – 1940) were
effective silver hydrosols used to control acute and critical infections.
 A nanotechnology breakthrough in the USA (1997 – 2006) creates the
first commercially available uniform picoscalar oligodynamic silver
hydrosol (UPOSH) exceedingly a 95% bioactivity level.
 All previously measured silver based drugs were found to contain less
than 20% bioactivity, with the exception of the caustic agent silver
nitrate (+ 60% bioactive), which is unsuitable for intravenous
administration.
The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 1923
Prog Med Chem, 1994
Medical Properties of Silver
 There are distinct silver-based drugs: (1) silver-salts, (2) silver-proteins,
(3) colloidal silver & Silver Hydrosol (a subset of colloidal silver).
 Silver hydrosols may contain very small particles which are not uniform
in size (0.8-200.0 nm) that may remain suspended in water without
forming an ionic solution.
 Uniform picoscalar silver hydrosol contains suspended uniform
colloidal silver particles in ultra-pure water typically 0.8nm in size,
endowing exponential surface area and surface energy to the silver).
 In dramatic contrast, a solution of silver-salt is one in which the ions of
silver remain dissolved in water, which endows exponentially less
therapeutic activity and can be toxic at high doses.
 For example, in addition to being exponentially less active than uniform
picoscalar silver hydrosol, silver salts and silver proteins are excreted
much more slowly than the smaller silver hydrosol particles and can
accumulate in tissues.
Medical Properties of Silver Cont.
Oligodynamic silver ions destroy bacteria,
viruses and other germs by at least three
key ways that lead to permanent inactivation
(denaturing) of essential bacterial protein
and DNA without harming host tissues via:
 Disrupting a germ’s outer membrane proteins;
 Inactivation of bacterial enzymes;
 Inhibition of bacterial replication via DNA
binding.
J Biomed Mater Res, 2000
Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1976
Nanotechnology’s Impact
The therapeutic powers of
suspended silver depends upon four
physical attributes of the silver:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Particle size (Surface area & energy);
Particle concentration (Therapeutic Index);
Particle charge (Oligodynamic quality);
Particle Shape (Catalytic activity).
Nanotechnology’s Impact Cont.
 The smaller the colloidal silver particle, the more therapeutic activity.
Typical commercial products posses a non-uniform average colloidal
particle size ranging from 200nm to 20nm. Currently, the most
advanced nanotechnologies are unable to make particles below 1nm
with one exception.
 This one exception has created the World’s first uniform picoscalar
oligodynamic silver hydrosol (i.e., ≤ 0.8nm average particle sizes).
 According to the United Kingdom’s Royal Society and Royal Academy
of Engineering, such picoscalar particles would exhibit vast quantum
energy dynamics of exponential power.
 Such exponential power translates into an unprecedented historical
impact for medicine.
Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, 2003
University of Miami
Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies, July 2004
Nanotechnology’s Impact Cont.
Nanotechnology. 2005;16:2346-53.
The Bactericidal Effect of Silver Nanoparticles
Jose R Morones, Jose Luis Elechiguerra, Alejandra Camacho, et al.
Abstract
Nanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease
using atomic scale tailoring of materials. Among the most promising
nanomaterials with antibacterial properties are metallic nanoparticles, which
exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface volume ratios and
crystallographic surface structure. The study of bactericidal nanomaterials is particularly
timely considering the recent increase of new resistant strains of bacteria to the most
potent antibiotics. This has promoted research in the well known activity of silver ions
and silver-based compounds, including silver nanoparticles. The present work studies
the effect of silver nanoparticles in the range of 1-100 nm on Gram-negative bacteria
using high annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy
(STEM). Our results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size
dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria
preferentially have a diameter of ~ 1-10 nm.
Nanotechnology’s Impact Cont.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2005; 3: 6.
Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with HIV-1
Jose Luis Elechiguerra, et al.
Abstract
The interaction of nanoparticles with biomolecules and microorganisms is an
expanding field of research. Within this field, an area that has been largely
unexplored is the interaction of metal nanoparticles with viruses. In this work,
we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a size-dependent interaction
with HIV-1, with nanoparticles exclusively in the range of 1–10 nm attached to
the virus. The regular spatial arrangement of the attached nanoparticles, the
center-to-center distance between nanoparticles, and the fact that the exposed
sulfur-bearing residues of the glycoprotein knobs would be attractive sites for
nanoparticle interaction suggest that silver nanoparticles interact with the HIV-1
virus via preferential binding to the gp120 glycoprotein knobs. Due to this
interaction, silver nanoparticles inhibit the virus from binding to host cells, as
demonstrated in vitro.
Nanotechnological Breakthrough
Uniform oligodynamic picoscalar silver
hydrosol (UPOSH) reflects the following
physical chemistry attributes:
 Uniform picoscalar ≤ 1 nm silver clusters
 Oligodynamic silver content ≥ 95%
 Particle Diffusion Coefficient 10-5cm2/sec for optimal
absorption & target adsorption
 A near neutral pH of 6.7
 20 to 25 ppm silver concentration per cc
 No anion present, silver and water only
 Sterile, hypotonic, pyrogen-free water base
 Stable when stored as directed for 5 years
IMREF White Paper 1001: Speciations and Oligodynamics of Silver-Based Drugs © 2006 Immunogenic Research
Foundation, Inc.
UPOSH Particle Uniformity
UPOSH Transmission Electron Micrograph
100,000x Magnification (Univ. of Miami)
UPOSH Uniformity
UPOSH & Large Nanoscalar Silver
UPOSH & Small Nanoscalar Silver
Schematic of Coronavirus Juxtaposed With UPOSH:
For Every Atom of Virus, There Will Be One Silver
Particle Present To Enable Complete Viral Destruction
Broad Spectrum Efficacy of
Oligodynamic Silver
Oligodynamic silver is by definition
non-toxic to higher life forms, yet
lethal to all lower life forms such as:
 Viruses;
 Bacteria;
 Fungi;
 Protozoa;
 Resistant (MDR) Pathogens;
 Cancer.
UPOSH As Universal Pathogen Solution
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Achromobacter metalcaligenes
Achromobacter mucosa
Acinetobacter spp. (92 different strains,including former Herellea spp.)
Acinetobacter anitratus
Acinetobacter lwoffii
Actinomyces viscous
Aerobacter aerogenes
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Alcaigenes faecalis
Alternaria dianthi
Alternaria oleracea
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Alternaria solani
Amoebic dysentery
Anthrax bacilli
Arthrobacter globiformis
Bacillus antratum (Micrococcus Acinetobacter)
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus megaterium
Bacillus mycoides
Bacillus subtillis
Bacteria aertryek
Bacteria danyaz
Bacteria gaertner
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Bacteria pestis
Bacteria pyocaneus
Bacteriodes fragilis
Bacterium tabacum
Bordetella pertussis
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lymes Disease)
Brevubacteriun linens
Brucella abortus
Burkholderia cepacia (25416 strain)
Caulobacter vibroides
Citrobacter
Clostridium perfringes (strains 1687, 1694)
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Cryptococcus albicans
E. polygoni
Entamoeba histolytica (cysts)
Enterobacter spp. (20 different strains)
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterococci (20 different strains)
Enterococcus Group D streptococcus
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Erwinia amylovora
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Escherichia coli (20 strains)
E. coli (B23 strain)
E. coli (HB 101 strain)
Euglena
Exotoxins (i.e., exoproteins, endopeptidases,
enterotoxins - bacterial or fungal)
Flavobacterium spp. (IIb)
F. group (IIIa)
F. Aquatile
F. Halmephilum
Gangrene (pyemia)
Gardnerella vaginalis
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Gonorrhoeal arthritis
Gonorrhoeal conjunctivitis
Gonorrhoeal opthalimia
Gonorrhoeal Prostatitis
Helicobacter pylori
Hypopyon ulcer (corneal ulcers)
Klebsiella
Klebsiella oxytoca
Klebsiella pneumoniae (over 20 different strains)
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Legionella pneumophila (Legionaire's Disease)
Listeria monocytogenes
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Micrococcus luteus
Mima
Meningococcal meningitis
Mycobacterium (Tuberculosis)
Mycoplasma spp.
Neisseria gonorrhea
Paramecium spp. (Balantidium coli, Holophrya coli, Leukaphrya coli)
Para-typhoid
Para-typhosus A
Para-typhosus B
Plasmodium berghei (Malaria)
Pneumococci
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Proteus spp. (20 different Indole-positive strains)
Proteus mirabilis (over 20 different strains)
Proteus morgani
Proteus rettgeri
Proteus vulgaris
Providencia stuartii (20 different strains)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa spp. (over 20 different strains)
Ps. Fluorescens
Ps. Multiphilia
Ps. pycocyanea
Pyorrhea alveolaris (Riggs Disease)
Rickettsiae spp. (S. typhus)
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Salmonella spp.
Salmonella arizona
Salmonella typhimurium
Shigella boydii
Spore-forming bacteria (unidentified species)
Staphyloclysin (denatures)
Staphylococcus spp. (20 Coagulase-negative strains)
Staphylococcus aureus
Stapylococcus aureus (97 MRSA strains)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus maruslene
Staphylococcus pyogenea
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Staphylococcus pyogens albus
Staphylococcus pyogens aureus
Staphylococcus systeneriae
Stenotrophomonas (Pseudomonas) maltophilia
Streptococci spp.
Streptococcus (Nonhemolytic)
Streptococcus Group A (including β hemolytic type)
Streptococcus Group D
Streptococcus agalactiae (27956 strain)
Streptococcus fæcalis
Streptococcus faecalis (9790 strain)
Streptococcus gordonii
Bactericidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus monilla
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans (GS-5 strain)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes (over 20 different strains)
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus sobrinus
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Typhoid Bacillus
Veillonella alcalescens
Vibrio cholerae
Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague)
5th China International Silver
Conference Presentation
Virotoxicity of Oligodynamic Silver
Metal Based Drugs, 1994
Biochemistry, 1991
Prog Med Chem, 1994
Virotoxicity of Oligodynamic Silver
Adenovirus
Coxsackie virus type B-3 (CB-3 strain)
ECHO virus
ECHO virus type 6 (EC-6 strain)
Enteroviruses (bovine)
Herpes Simplex
Herpes zoster (shingles)
HIV
Influenzae (types unidentified)
Influenzae A
Influenzae B (Haemophilus influenzae)
Virotoxicity of Oligodynamic Silver
Poliovirus type 1 (Po-1)
Poliovirus type 1 (Sabin strain)
Pseudorabies virus
Reovirus type 1
Rhinovirus type 1A
Rotavirus (bovine spp.)
Rubeola virus (Measles - MV, Nagahata strain)
Vaccinia virus (poxviruses)
Varicella-zoster virus,
Variolavirus spp. (Small pox)
Verruca spp. (warts)
Vesicular stomatitis-Indian virus.
5th China International Silver
Conference Presentation
Fungicidal Spectrum of
Oligodynamic Silver
Metal Based Drugs, 1994
Biochemistry, 1991
Prog Med Chem, 1994
Fungicidal Spectrum of Oligodynamic
Silver
Actinomyces viscosus
Alternaria dianthi
Alternaria oleracea
Alternaria solani
Ascomycetes (Pneumocystis carinii)
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus niger
Basidiomycetes
Botryobasidium solani (Rhizoctonia)
Botrytis cineria
Botrytis paenoiae
Candida albicans
Fungicidal Spectrum of Oligodynamic
Silver
Candida albicans II
Candida glabrata
Candida krusei
Candida parapsilosis
Candida pseudotropicalis
Candida tropicalis
Candida utilis
Chlamydospores – Tilletia tritici
Dermatophytosis spp. (Ringworm)
Erwinia amylovora
Erysiphe graminis (Blumeria)
Fomes annosus
Fungi Imperfectii
Fungicidal Spectrum of Oligodynamic
Silver
Fusarium spp.
Heterodera marioni
Malassezia furfur
Monilinia fructicola
Mucor pusillus
Ophiobolus graminis
Pestalotia stellata
Phlyctenular Conjunctivitis
Phycomycetes
Phytophthora infestans
Rhizopus nigricans
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saprophytes
Fungicidal Spectrum of Oligodynamic
Silver
Sarcina aurantiaca
Sclerotinia americana
Sclerotinia fructicola
Septoria apii
Sporosarcina ureae
Tinea versicolor
Torulopsis glabrata
Uromyces caryophyllinus
Venturia pyrina
Xanthium glabaratum
Yeast (unidentified species)
Future Research
The Immunogenic Research Foundation
(IMREF) is a non-profit corporation funded by
charitable donations. IMREF and its Scientific
Advisory Board members are concerned with
conducting world-wide clinical research on
global epidemics and pandemics, including
Cancer, H5N1, Hepatitis C, HIV, Lymes
Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and drugresistant super germs.
Future Research
Since its inception in January of 2006, IMREF
has been establishing itself as the Internet’s
prime facilitator for silver-based therapeutics.
To date, the endowment of a world-class
library covering nearly every aspect of silver
in medicine has been instrumental to IMREF’s
current success. With your help IMREF is
positioned to become the top internationally
recognized educational service and medical
authority on silver in medicine.
Future Research
IMREF’s Board of Directors and Scientific Advisory
Board members include renown clinical
investigators such as:
Debra Mash, PharmD;
Karen Weaver, JD, RPh;
Brian Clement, PhD;
Deborah Metzger, MD, PhD;
Dana Flavin, MD, MS;
Kent Holtorf, MD;
Rashid Buttar, DO;
Eric Gordon, MD;
Tom Lodi, MD;
Jonathan Wright, MD;
Steve Hines, ND; and
Virginia Osborne, ND.
Future Research
IMREF is currently appraising silver research being conducted nationally
as well as internationally. In alliance with other researchers, IMREF will
educate the world and help guide HIV, HCV, Lyme, Malaria and Cancer
investigations world-wide. In order to complete this mission IMREF is
currently seeking up to $3,000,000.00 USD for it current fiscal year of
operations.
Thank you for your interest & support.