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Invention #1: Steam Engine
A steam engine is an engine that makes use of
pressure created in steam. In a steam engine, water is heated
in a boiler to produce steam. Coal is used to heat the fire
underneath the water that is being boiled. The steam
becomes trapped and creates pressure. This pressure
pushes against a piston or turbine, whose motion is used to
run the machine.
Invention #2: Cotton Gin
The Cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily
separates the cotton fibers from the seedpods of a cotton
plant. It uses a combination of a wire screen and small
wire hooks to pull the cotton through the screen, while
brushes continuously remove the loose cotton lint to
prevent jams. The cotton gin quickly produced clean
cotton fibers that were used to make clothes.
Invention #3: Bessemer Process
During the Industrial Revolution, people used
iron to build buildings, bridges, and railroads.
However, iron is very heavy and tends to break
and rust easily. The Bessemer Process was an
amazing invention because it removed carbon
from the iron, which produced a lighter, more
durable metal called steel.
Invention #4: Pasteurization of Liquids
During the Industrial Revolution many
people died from food poisoning from drinking
liquids, such as milk. Pasteurization is the
process in which liquids are heated to kill the
bacteria and molds that are already present
within the liquid.
Invention #5: Light Bulb
The electric light bulb uses a glowing wire
filament heated by electricity to generate light (a
process known as thermal radiation. The “bulb” is
the glass enclosure which keeps the filament in a
low-pressure gas state. The electric light bulb
changed how people lived because it provided a
light source at any time of the day.