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Genesis 1:26
26 And God said, Let us make man
in our image, after our likeness:
and let them have dominion over
the fish of the sea, and over the
fowl of the air, and over the
cattle, and over all the earth, and
over every creeping thing that
creepeth upon the earth.
©1998 Timothy G. Standish
DNA Technology
Timothy G. Standish, Ph. D.
©1998 Timothy G. Standish
What is DNA Technology?
 Technology = The application of
science in industry and/or commerce.
 Because DNA is the genetic material,
manipulation of DNA (genetic
engineering) allows the modification
of organisms in such a way that they
are more valuable than they were in
their natural state.
©1998 Timothy G. Standish
Products of DNA Technology

Recombinant organisms - Some examples:
– Herbicide-resistant soybeans
– Super tomatoes

Natural products produced by recombinant organisms:
– Humulin - Human insulin produced in cell culture
– Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)

Engineered products produced by recombinant
organisms:
– Amplitaque - A modified DNA polymerase

Information:
– Genetic testing for identification of diseases, individuals etc...
– DNA sequencing
©1998 Timothy G. Standish
A Short History
1869 - Miescher isolated DNA for the first time
 1944 - Avery et al. provided evidence that DNA is
the genetic material
 1953 - Watson and Crick described the double helix
structure of DNA
 1957 - Kornberg discovered DNA polymerase
 1961 - Marmer and Doty discovered DNA
renaturation
 1962 - Arber, Nathans and Smith discovered
restriction endonucleases
 1966 - Nirenberg, Ochoa, and Khorana figured out
the genetic code.

©1998 Timothy G. Standish
A Short History Cont.
1967 - Geller discovered DNA ligase
 1972-73 - Boyer, Cohen and Berg develop DNA
cloning techniques
 1975 - Southern developed gel-transfer
hybridization
 1975-77 - Sanger and Barrel and Maxam and Gilbert
developed DNA sequencing methods
 1981-82 - Palmiter and Brinster produced transgenic
mice, Spradling and Rubin produced transgenic fruit
flies
 1985 - Mullis and colleagues invented the
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

©1998 Timothy G. Standish
Strategy
Extract DNA
Fragment DNA
Insert into vector
DNA Library in bacteria
Screen library
and grow up bacteria with clone of interest
©1998 Timothy G. Standish
©1998 Timothy G. Standish