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Classification
Notes
Taxonomy: Science of Classification
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Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Animals
• Land
• Water
• Air
Or
• Habitat
• physical
differences
• characteristics
Plants
• trees
• shrubs
• herbaceous
perennials
• herbs
Carl (Carolus) Linnaeus
(1707-1778)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Carolus von Linnaeus
(1707-1778)
Swedish scientist who
laid the foundation for
modern taxonomy
Hierarchical Classification
Taxonomic categories
–Kingdom
–Phylum
–Class
–Order
–Family
–Genus
–Species
King
Philip
Came
Over
For
Green
Soup
Binomial Nomenclature
• By Linnaeus
• Two-word naming
system
–Genus
• Noun, Capitalized,
Underlined or Italicized
–Species
• Descriptive, Lower
Case,
Underlined or Italicized
Ex.
Canis lupus or
Canis lupus = Wolf
Homo sapiens or
Homo sapiens =
Human
Scientific vs. Common
• Taxonomists are
required to use
Latin because the
language is no
longer used in
conversation and,
therefore,
does not
change.
Mephitis mephitis
Mouffette
Stinktier
Skunk
Scientific and common names
• Many organisms have
common names. However, a
common name can be
misleading.
Scientific VS Common
• In addition, it is
confusing when a
species has more than
one common name.
The three-domain system
Bacteria
Archaea
The six-kingdom system
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Archaebacteria
•
•
•
•
•
Prokaryote
Nucleus absent
Cell Wall Present
Mitochondria Absent
Some of each
(hetero/auto)
• Chlorophyll Absent
• Most Mobile
Eubacteria
•
•
•
•
•
Prokaryote
Nucleus absent
Cell Wall Present
Mitochondria Absent
Some of each
(hetero/autotroph)
• Chlorophyll Present
in some
• Most Mobile
Protista
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eukaryote
Nucleus
Cell walls in some
Mitochondria
Some auto/some hetero
Some chloroplasts; some not
Some mobile; some not
Algae, paramecia, amoeba
Fungi
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eukaryote
Nucleus
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Heterotroph
No chloroplast
Non-mobile
mushrooms,
yeast
Plantae
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eukaryote
Nucleus
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Autotroph
Chloroplast
Non-mobile
Examples…really? 
Animalia
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eukaryote
Nucleus
No cell wall
Mitochondria
Heterotroph
No chloroplasts
Mobile
Examples…get your own!
Dichotomous Key
Cladogram