Download Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis
Ivan Štironja
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
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Honoré
de Balzac
• John
Henry1660)
Doc Holliday
"Captain
among these Men of Death"
(John Bunyon
White Death
Alber Camus
• René Laënnec
White Plague
Franz Kafka
• Immanuel Kant
Consumption
Tuberculosis...
Voltaire
• Florence Nightingale
Frederic Chopin
Niccolò Paganini
Alexander Graham Bell
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Gram positive, obligate aeorobe, facultative
intracellular pathogens
- Slow-growing - generation time 12-18 hours
- Hydrophobic with high lipid content in cell wall
- "acid-fast bacilli“
- transmission primarily by aerosol route but
also through gastrointestinal tract
• MDR-TB (Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis):
bacteria resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin
• HIV/AIDS
• granulomatous inflammatory disease caused by
mycobacteria, usually attacks the lungs (pulmonary
tuberculosis – 75%), but can also affect:
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CNS
lymphatic system
circulatory system
genitourinary system
gastrointestinal system
bones (Pott’s disease) and skin
• tubercle (Lat. tuber-knot) – granuloma made of
macrophages, T-lymphocytes , B-lymphocytes and
fibroblasts surrounding the central caseous necrosis
Symptoms
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chronic cough
blood-tinged sputum
fever
night sweats
weight loss
weakness or fatigue
Diagnosis
• identification of the causative organism in a
clinical sample (sputum)
• PPD test (Mantoux tuberculin test)
• X-rays
Treatment
• BCG vaccination (Baccillus Calmette-Guérin)
• first-line anti-TB drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin,
streptomycin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide
• second-line anti-TB drugs: rifabutin,
ethionamhide
• long-term treatment
• World TB day - March 24
• 15 billion US$
References
• Patologija, Damjanov, Jukić, Nola, Med.
naklada, Zagreb,2008.
• Medicinska bakteriologija i mikologija,
Kalenić, Mlinarić-Missoni i sur., Zagreb, 2005.
• internet