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Linnaean Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus organized plants and animals into 7 hierarchical categories. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo Homo sapiens Linnaean Taxonomy Scientific (species) name Genus + epithet Written in Latin Dead, but universal scholarly language Italicized or underlined Ex: Canis familiaris Mycobacterium leprae Systematics “Our classifications will come to be genealogies” Using… Morphology, embryology, paleontology, biochemistry Molecular Clock Phylogenetic Tree Vertebrate Phylogenetic Tree Shared ancestral characters Heterotrophy, bilateralism Shared derived characters Vertebrae DIY Phylogenetic Tree Grp A Grp B Grp C Grp D Grp E Grp F Char 1 Char 2 Char 3 Char 4 Char 5 + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + Parsimony Domains (Carl Woese, U of Illinois) Three domains of living things Reorganization: Archaea more similar to Eukarya based on molecular data Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Protista, Fungi Plantae, Animalia Nuclear envelope & Ribosomal RNA membrane-bound organelles Progenote