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INSECT ANATOMY
AND
PHYSIOLOGY
INSECT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
GENERALIZED INTERNAL
ANATOMY
INSECT INTERNAL ANATOMY
Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut
Brain and Associated Ganglia
Malpighian Tubules
Heart and Dorsal Aorta
Ventral Nerve Chord
Spiracles and Trachea
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECTS HAVE A “COMPLETE”
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
“Tube Within A Tube”
Design
INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL IN CROSS SECTION
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE INSECT
ALIMENTARY CANAL
IS DIVIDED INTO
THREE (3)
FUNCTIONAL
REGIONS:
FOREGUT (STOMODEUM)
MIDGUT (MESENTERON)
HINDGUT (PROCTODEUM)
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE FOREGUT AND
HINDGUT ARE OF
ECTODERMAL
ORIGIN AND LINED
WITH A THIN LAYER
OF CUTICLE
(THE INTIMA)
FOREGUT (ECTODERM)
MIDGUT (ENDODERM)
HINDGUT (ECTODERM)
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE MIDGUT IS OF
ENDODERMAL
ORIGIN AND LACKS A
PROTECTIVE LAYER
OF CUTICLE
MIDGUT (ENDODERM)
EPITHELIAL CELLS
SECRETE A PROTECTIVE
BARRIER
LOCATION AND MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE
FOREGUT, MIDGUT, HINDGUT
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
COMPLEX
MOUTHPARTS
PROVIDE INITIAL
FOOD
MANIPULATION AND
PROCESSING
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SALIVARY GLANDS
SALIVARIUM
SALIVARY DUCT
MOISTEN AND LUBRICATE
MOUTHPARTS, DISSOLVE FOOD,
INITIATE DIGESTION
SALIVARY GLAND
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SALIVARY GLANDS
Silk Moth (Bombyx mori)
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE HYPOPHARYNX IS A TONGUE-LIKE STRUCTURE
WHICH AIDS IN THE INITIAL MANIPULATION AND
MIXING OF FOOD.
HYPOPHARYNX
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CIBARIAL MUSCLES – “CIBARIAL PUMP”
AN INSECTS MOUTH IS
LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE
MOUTHPARTS AND SERVES AS
A MUSCULAR VALVE FOR FOOD
INGESTION
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CROP
PHARYNX
PROVENTRICULUS
ESOPHAGUS
CARDIAC VALVE
STOMODEUM (FOREGUT)
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestion and Nutrient
Absorption
VENTRICULUS
GASTRIC CAECAE
PYLORIC SPHINCTER
PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE
MESENTERON (MIDGUT)
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MIDGUT GASTRIC
CAECAE PROVIDE
SITES FOR
SYMBIOTIC
BACTERIA,
PROTOZANS, AND
OTHER ORGANISMS
GASTRIC CAECAE
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MALPIGHIAN TUBULES
COLON
WATER RETENTION
and
WASTE ELIMINATION
ILEUM
PROCTODAEUM (HINDGUT)
RECTAL PADS
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECT FECAL MATERIAL IS CALLED “FRASS”
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE INSECT
ALIMENTARY CANAL
HAS PRODUCED A
DIVERSITY OF
CONFIGURATIONS TO
FACILITATE
SPECIALIZED
FEEDING AND
DIGESTION
REQUIREMENTS
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
HINDGUT SYMBIONTS
TERMITE WORKER (ISOPTERA)
TERMITE HINDGUT
SPIROCHAETE
FLAGELLATE PROTOZOAN
SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA, PROTOZANS,
AND OTHER MICRORGANISMS
ASSIST IN DIGESTION AND CRITICAL
NUTRIENT PRODUCTION
INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL AND DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM
MALPHIGIAN TUBULES
INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM
LONG, SLENDER
HINDGUT FILAMENTS
WHICH FILTER WASTE
PRODUCTS AND
TOXINS FROM THE
HAEMOLYMPH
MALPHIGIAN TUBULES
INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM
MALPHIGIAN TUBULES