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Biology
Ch. 19
Eubacteria and archaebacteria
differ in
1. the presence of a
nucleus.
2. the makeup of their
cell walls.
3. size.
4. the presence of a cell
wall.
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Unlike eubacteria, archaebacteria
1. have cell walls.
2. are prokaryotes.
3. have two cell
membranes.
4. are thought to be the
ancestors of
eukaryotes.
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which
archaebacteria and eubacteria differ?
1. Archaebacteria lack an important
carbohydrate found in the cell walls of
eubacteria.
2. The two groups have very different
membrane lipids.
3. Archaebacteria have gene sequences that
are similar to those of eukaryotes.
4. Archaebacteria follow the lytic cycle,
while eubacteria follow the lysogenic
cycle.
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Which of the following are members of
the kingdom Archaebacteria?
1.
2.
3.
4.
methanogens
eubacteria
eukaryotes
E. coli
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The structure in the
figure represents a(an)
1.
2.
3.
4.
virus.
archaebacterium.
methanogen.
eubacterium.
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Which structure or structures shown in
the figure have key differences in
eubacteria and archaebacteria?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A, B, C
A, B, E
D only
A only
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The figure shows how
prokaryotes can be
identified by
1. the composition of their
cell walls.
2. their reaction to the Gram
stain.
3. their cell shapes.
4. their methods for obtaining
energy.
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Which cell shape in the figure is
called a coccus?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
none of the
above
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When treated with Gram stain,
Gram-positive eubacteria appear
1.
2.
3.
4.
violet.
pink.
yellow.
orange.
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Bacilli, cocci, and spirilla are
1. Gram stains.
2. shapes of prokaryotes.
3. methods of prokaryotic
movement.
4. ways that prokaryotes
obtain energy.
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Which of the following is(are)
used to identify prokaryotes?
1. cell shape
2. the way prokaryotes
move
3. the way prokaryotes
obtain energy
4. all of the above
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Where are you likely to find a
photoautotroph?
1. in your refrigerator
2. in the darkness of the
ocean
3. in your digestive system
4. near the surfaces of lakes,
streams, and oceans
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Unlike photoautotrophs,
chemoautotrophs obtain energy
1. directly from the sun.
2. directly from
inorganic molecules.
3. indirectly from
organic molecules.
4. indirectly from other
organisms.
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Most prokaryotes are
1.
2.
3.
4.
heterotrophs.
photoautotrophs.
chemoautotrophs.
photoheterotrophs.
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A method called Gram staining is
used to tell
1. what shape a prokaryote
has.
2. how a prokaryote obtains
energy.
3. what kind of cell wall a
prokaryote has.
4. whether a prokaryote has
flagella.
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Which of the following describes
a role of bacteria in the
environment?
1. carrying out
photosynthesis
2. recycling nutrients
3. fixing nitrogen
4. all of the above
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Bacteria are sometimes called
nature’s recyclers because they
1. undergo conjugation.
2. break down nutrients in
dead matter.
3. can switch between
respiration and
fermentation.
4. carry out photosynthesis.
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Bacteria that break down the
nutrients in dead matter into
simpler substances that are taken
up by plant roots are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
endospores.
flagella.
photoautotrophs.
decomposers.
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Nitrogen fixation involves each
of the following EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
soybeans.
Rhizobium.
fertilizer.
nodules on roots.
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Which of the following is produced
when bacteria break down complex
compounds in sewage?
1. carbon dioxide
gas
2. purified water
3. nitrogen
4. all of the above
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Humans use bacteria to
1. clean up small oil
spills.
2. mine minerals from
the ground.
3. synthesize drugs.
4. all of the above
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Bacteria living in extreme
environments may be a good source of
1. antibiotics.
2. heat-stable
enzymes.
3. nitrogen-fixing
bacteria.
4. Gram stains.
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The outer protein coat of a virus
is called a
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA core.
capsid.
bacteriophage.
tail sheath.
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All viruses are made of proteins
and
1.
2.
3.
4.
nucleic acids.
prophages.
bacteriophages.
endospores.
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A viral capsid functions to
1. bind the virus to the
surface of a host cell.
2. transcribe viral genes.
3. force a host cell to
make copies of the
virus.
4. destroy a host cell.
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The instructions for making new
copies of a virus are
1. a part of a virus’s capsid.
2. coded in surface proteins
attached to the protein coat.
3. coded in either RNA or
DNA.
4. found only in
bacteriophages.
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What is the basic structure of a virus?
1. DNA or RNA surrounded by
a protein coat
2. a capsid surrounded by a
protein coat
3. a tail sheath surrounded by
tail fibers
4. a tiny cell surrounded by a
cell wall
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Viruses
1. are all about the same size.
2. vary greatly in size and
structure.
3. rarely contain DNA or
RNA.
4. can be seen with a basic
compound light microscope.
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A lytic infection concludes with the
1. embedding of viral DNA
into the host cell’s DNA.
2. production of a prophage.
3. bursting of the host cell.
4. production of messenger
RNA.
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A prophage is made of
1.
2.
3.
4.
bacteriophages.
carbohydrates.
capsid proteins.
viral DNA.
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Bacteriophages infect
1. other viruses.
2. bacteria only.
3. any available
host cell.
4. cells
undergoing the
lytic cycle.
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Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic
viruses do NOT
1. inject their genetic
material into the host
cell.
2. enter the lytic cycle.
3. lyse the host cell right
away.
4. infect host cells.
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During a lytic infection, the host
cell is
1. destroyed.
2. prepared for the
lysogenic cycle.
3. copied many
times over.
4. all of the above
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Which of the following is a way
that bacteria cause disease?
1.
2.
3.
4.
by capsids
by nitrogen fixation
by conjugation
by releasing toxins
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Bacteria that cause disease are
called
1.
2.
3.
4.
viruses.
pathogens.
endospores.
antibiotics.
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A bacterial infection results when
bacteria
1. break down the body’s
tissues.
2. lyse following the lytic
cycle.
3. live as obligate aerobes in
the absence of oxygen.
4. undergo conjugation inside
the body.
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Which of the following diseases
is NOT caused by a bacterium?
1.
2.
3.
4.
tooth decay
tuberculosis
AIDS
Lyme disease
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Food stored in a refrigerator will
keep longer because the bacteria
that spoil food
1. die at low temperatures.
2. take longer to multiply at
low temperatures.
3. require light to live.
4. grow more slowly in the
dark.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria
that is key to keeping them under control?
1. Most bacteria cannot survive high
temperatures for long periods.
2. Most bacteria are resistant to
harmful chemicals.
3. Most bacteria form endospores
when subjected to harsh
conditions.
4. Most bacteria do not cause food to
spoil.
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Which of the following will NOT
kill bacteria?
1. refrigeration
2. boiling
3. chemical
disinfection
4. frying
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Which of the following is a
proper use of disinfectants?
1. as an antibiotic
2. to start conjugation
3. to sterilize a
hospital
4. to preserve foods
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Which of the following is NOT a
viral disease?
1.
2.
3.
4.
botulism
AIDS
measles
polio
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Viral diseases can be
1. treated with antibiotics and
prevented with vaccines.
2. treated with vaccines and
prevented with antibiotics.
3. prevented with antibiotics but
not treated with vaccines.
4. prevented with vaccines but
not treated with antibiotics.
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Plant viruses have a difficult time entering the
cells they infect partly because
1. plant viruses are weaker than
animal viruses.
2. plant cells have tough cell
walls.
3. many plant viruses are
spread by insects.
4. plant viruses do not have a
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protein coat.
1
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Viruses cause disease by
1. producing toxins that
harm the body.
2. reproducing independently
inside the body.
3. forming endospores in the
body.
4. disrupting the body’s
normal equilibrium.
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Scientists reason that archaebacteria may be the
ancestors of eukaryotes. If this is true, then
archaebacteria and eukaryotes share a common
ancestor that is more recent than the common
ancestor of archaebacteria and eubacteria.
1. True
2. False
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Many archaebacteria live in
extreme environments, such as in
Utah’s Great Salt Lake.
1. True
2. False
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The figure shows the three shapes
of viruses.
1. True
2. False
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The spiral-shaped organism
labeled B in the figure is an
example of a spirillum.
1. True
2. False
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The Gram-staining method
applies only to archaebacteria.
1. True
2. False
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Plants and animals benefit from
nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
1. True
2. False
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Bacteria can be used to
synthesize drugs through geneticengineering techniques.
1. True
2. False
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Bacteria are used in the
production of a variety of foods
and beverages.
1. True
2. False
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T4 is the name of a
bacteriophage.
1. True
2. False
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The structure labeled D in the
figure is called a tail fiber.
1. True
2. False
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Another name for the structure
labeled A in the figure is head.
1. True
2. False
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The structure labeled A in the
figure helps attach this virus to a
host cell during a lytic infection.
1. True
2. False
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Bacteria can cause disease by
releasing toxins into the body.
1. True
2. False
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A disinfectant is a chemical
solution that kills bacteria.
1. True
2. False
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An antibiotic is a preparation of
weakened or killed virus or viral
proteins.
1. True
2. False
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