Download Module 5 PowerPoint Slides - The Cancer 101 Curriculum

Cancer 101: A Cancer Education
and Training Program for
[Target Population]
Date
Location
Presented by:
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Presenter 2
Cancer Screening and
Early Detection
Cancer 101
Learning Module 5
Learning Objectives
At the completion of Module 5, you will be
able to:
• Describe the importance of early detection.
• Describe two screening methods used in
the detection of cancer.
• Describe two barriers associated with
practicing early detection.
• Describe three symptoms of cancer.
Why is early detection
important?
• The goal of early detection is to discover
and stop a cancerous tumor before it
grows and spreads (metastasizes).
• A person’s chance for full recovery is
better if cancer is detected and treated
earlier.
What is cancer screening?
Checking for cancer
in a person who
does not have any
symptoms is called
screening.
Cancer Screening (cont’d)
• Medical screening tests are effective tools
for the early detection of cancer.
• A few types of cancer have specific tests
that aid in detecting cancer.
Cancer Screening &
Prevention
Screening tests for common types of cancer:
• Breast – mammogram
• Cervix – Pap test
• Colon & rectum – fecal occult blood test,
sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, digital rectal
exam
• Prostate – digital rectal exam, PSA test
Screening for Breast Cancer
• Mammogram
– Screening
– Diagnostic
– Digital
• Clinical breast exam
(CBE)
• Breast self exam (BSE)
• See your provider and
get a mammogram
every 1-2 years after
age 40.
Image Source: National Cancer Institute
Screening for Cervical Cancer
Image Source: National Cancer Institute
• Papanicolaou (Pap
Test)
• Pelvic Exam
• Cervical cancer
screening should begin
3 years after a woman
begins having sexual
intercourse, but no later
than age 21.
• Women should have a
Pap test at least once
every 3 years
How should women prepare
for a Pap test?
Doctors suggest the following tips…
• For 48 hours before the test:
– Do not douche
– Do not have sexual intercourse
– Do not use vaginal medicines (except as
directed by doctor), birth control foams, jellies,
or creams
• Schedule your test 10-20 days after the
first day of your menstrual period.
Screening for Colon
& Rectal Cancer
• Fecal occult blood test
(FOBT)
– Guaiac FOBT
– Fecal immunochemical
test (FIT)
•
•
•
•
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Barium enema
Digital rectal exam
Images Source: National Cancer Institute
Images Source: National Cancer Institute
Virtual Colonoscopy
• Computed
tomographic (CT)
colonography
• Less invasive, less
discomfort
• Detects large
polyps
• Evolving test, still
being studied
Virtual colonoscopy image of the inside of
a colon. The red colored area indicates a
polyp.
Image courtesy of Dr. R.M. Summers,
National Institutes of Health.
Case Study
• Martha is 55 years old.
• She just went in for a check-up, and her
doctor recommended that she schedule
appointments for:
– A Pap test. Her last one was three years ago. It
was normal.
– A mammogram. She had one two years ago. It
was normal.
– A colonoscopy. She has not had any type of
colorectal screening since she turned 50.
Screening for
Prostate Cancer
• Digital Rectal
Exam (DRE)
• Prostate-Specific
Antigen (PSA)
blood test
Image Source: National Cancer Institute
Cancer Screening &
Early Detection
• Awareness of body changes may help
detect early signs of cancer.
• Examples of changes to note:
– Breast tissue
– Testicular tissue
Barriers to Cancer Screening
& Early Detection
• There are many
barriers that may
affect one’s
decision to
participate in cancer
screening and early
detection.
• What barriers might
Martha face?
Barriers to Cancer Screening
& Early Detection
• Examples of barriers include:
– Fear of cancer
– Lack of knowledge
– Modesty
– Communication
– Beliefs around illness
• Are there others you can think of?
Possible Symptoms of
Cancer
• There are many different symptoms known
to be associated with certain types of
cancers.
• A symptom is a sign that something is not
right in the body and does NOT always
indicate cancer.
Pay attention to your body if
there is…
• A change in bowel or bladder habits
• A sore that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening, lump, or swelling in the breast
or any other part of the body
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Recent change in wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness
Pay attention to your body if
there are…
• Unexplained symptoms such as:
– Progressive weight loss
– Fever
– Skin changes
– Fatigue
– Pain
In Summary
You now have an understanding of:
• The components of early detection
• Importance of recognizing the barriers to
practicing early detection
• The symptoms of cancer