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Exploring the Internet
Session 1
Introduction to the Internet
and World Wide Web
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Internet Definitions - p. 1
Network - set of hardware and software
components that supports several people
working together and allows sharing of
hardware, software, and information
Internet - a network of networks that allows you
to communicate with people anywhere in the
world as well as access information that you
desire any time of the day or night
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Internet Definitions (cont.)
Started in the 1960s as a joint project between
education, and government (ARPANET) for
defense purposes.
World Wide Web (WWW) - easy method of
sending text, graphics, and sound has resulted
in explosive growth
Web browser - piece of software needed for
accessing WWW
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Internet
Today, mostly used for commercial purposes.
Includes many different types of resources. The
one that is most prevalent today is the World
Wide Web (WWW).
Allows millions of people from around the world
to communicate with one another.
Responsible for the fall of the iron curtain
Role in Gulf War
Totalitarian governments despise it
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Internet Connection
Necessities
Modem or network connection
Internet account
Internet Service Provider (ISP) -university,
AOL, Dave’s World, and so forth
Software Utilities
Browser software
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Internet Addresses
Account - individual that you are
communicating with
Domain
Lower domain - the name of the organization
where the account can be found
Top domain - the type of organization
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Internet Addresses
To communicate with someone, you have
to know their Internet address (everything
after “@” is the domain):
[email protected]
This User
(account)
At the computer
named rs6000.cmp
At Illinois State University
An
educational
institution
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Top Domains - p. 5
.com
.edu
.gov
.mil
.net
.org
commercial or business site
educational site
U.S. government site
U.S. military site
network site
private or non-profit site
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Proposed Top Domains
.firm
.shop
.web
.arts
.rec
.info
.nom
Businesses or firms
Bus. offering goods for purchase
Web-based Entities
Cultural or entertainment activities
Recreational or entertainment entity
Information services entities
Individual or personal sites
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Starting an Internet
Session
Obtain communication with your ISP
Login procedure - identifies you to the host
computer
Password - series of characters that verifies
to the computer that you are a valid user
Asterisks may appear as you enter it
Never give your password to anyone
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Internet Services
Electronic Mail
Usenet/Newsgroups
Listserv
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Telnet
Gopher and Veronica
Internet Relay Chat
World Wide Web
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E-mail - p. 6
E-mail - ability to send and receive
messages using the computer.
Uses special software designed specifically
for this task
Pine, Elm (UNIX)
Eudora
Exchange
Single or many recipients possible
Flaming
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E-mail Etiquette - p. 7
 Keep message brief and concise
 Don’t send confidential or embarrassing info.
 Remember, the message belongs to the org.
 Don’t copy unnecessary people
 Don’t use all upper case letters
 Include a salutation and signature line
 You may want to use shorthand (abbreviations) - Table
1.2
 Emoticons help to show how you feel - Table 1.3
 Avoid all gossip or impropriety using E-mail
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Usenet/Newsgroups - p. 9
Interactive discussions that can occur on
a wide variety o f subjects
Postings are E-mail messages to the
newsgroup
Information is arranged by topic or by
areas of interest
100s of group names/topics are available
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Usenet/Newsgroups
Selected group names or categories
comp
misc
rec
sci
soc
talk
computers
don’t fit a category
recreational activities or hobbies
scientific areas
social, cultural, and political
discussion forums for politics or
other areas with controversy
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Listserv
Listserv - consists of all e-mail messages
related to a single topic
A document containing these e-mail
messages is sent to all subscribers
All that is required to access is e-mail
software
Many times listservs are used for
conducting classes
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Agent - Newsgroup
browser
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Newsgroup Guidelines
 Review the frequently asked questions (FAQ)
document for that group.
 Review the last two or three weeks of the articles or
postings to get a flavor for the group.
 Spend some time “lurking” examining the group
without posting.
 Be careful with your first postings. If participants
feel you don’t understand elementary items, you
will probably get flamed.
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File Transfer Protocol p. 13
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - method of
transferring files across the Internet
Can be done with UNIX statements
Can be done with special FTP software
May be built in browser, such as Netscape
or Intrnet Explorer
Many times referred to as anonymous FTP
because most users use anonymous as
their name when requesting files.
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FTP Client Software Utility
Your System
(where you
want to receive
the files)
Where the files
currently reside
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Telnet - p. 14
Allows you to communicate directly with
another computer
Unlike FTP, it does not allow you to
download files
Many times used to gain access to other
libraries, get weather forecasts, and so
forth
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Gopher and Veronica p. 14
Gopher - text-based, menu driven program
that allows you to access, view, and
download files (developed at U. of Minn.)
Precursor to WWW—not used much anymore
Veronica is the search engine for finding files
from multiple gopher sites; analogous to
Yahoo, Excite, … in the WWW.
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Internet Relay Chat
Permits you to communicate “live” with
other Internet users
Needs special software that can be
downloaded from a number of locations
Requires you to log in to a chat room
Statements that you type are visible to
other participants
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World Wide Web
(WWW or Web)
Designed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee
Combines text, graphics, sound as a
“packet” of information
Phenomenally rapid growth
Requires the use of a software browser to
interpret the data needed for a site and
then download it to the user and
display/play properly
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World Wide Web
Terminology
 Web Browser - A piece of software that can
understand and display Web documents (Netscape and
Explorer are two commonly used browsers)
 Home page - The initial Web page Netscape loads
when you start the program
 Uniform Resource Locator - The location of a page
on the World Wide Web
 Web Document - A specially designed file for use on
the Web than can contain text, graphics, sound, and
links to other Web pages.
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URL Components
Protocol
http: (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Host (Server address)
www.cis.usouthal.edu
Resource (file name or full path to file)
Internet.html
http://www.microsoft.com/ie
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More Web Terminology
 Hyperlinks - “Jumps” to a different location in the
document, a different document on the computer, or a
different computer
 http - Hypertext transfer protocol - the first four letters
in each URL - indicates that the browser can expect
text, graphic, or sound files
 HTML - HyperText Markup Language - the ASCII based
language used to describe a Web page so that it can be
interpreted by the browser software for loading text,
images, or sound files.
 Surfing - Navigating links of Web pages
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Web Browsers
A number of different kinds of browsers
Netscape
Internet Explorer
Mosaic
Netscape the browser selected by ISU
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Internet Explorer Screen
Menu bar
Toolbars
Address text box
Document window
Status bar
Scroll bars
Status indicator
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Web Surfing
Enter an address in the Location box
Click on a link
Pointer turns into a hand with the upraised
index finger to indicate a link
Click the link and that page is loaded
Role of the Forward and Back buttons
Favorites
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More Surfing
Printing a Web page
Saving pages
Accessing saved pages
Using the Context menu
Saving images
Images are typically GIF and JPG files
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Other Web Browser Uses
Accessing Search Engines
Search Engine
Types - Pip handout
Search Spiders
Research using the Web
E-Mail
Newsgroups
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Research Using the
Computer
Searching for information on the Web
Start with a search engine
Success depends on how the search engine
determines sites
Lots of “garbage” on the Web
Searching a library using Telnet or
Browser
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