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HTML Frames http://jjcweb.jjay.cuny.edu/ssengupta/ 10/23/2009 1 Objectives Explore the uses of frames in a Web site Display a document within a frame Format the appearance of a frame 10/23/2009 2 What is a frame? A frame is a section of the browser window capable of displaying the contents of an entire Web page 10/23/2009 3 Remember! The browser has to load multiple HTML files when working with frames 10/23/2009 4 Planning Your Frames first Before you start creating your frames, plan their appearance and how they are to be used: o What information will be displayed in each frame? o How do you want the frames placed on the Web page? o What is the size of each frame? o What Web pages will users first see when they access the site? o Should users be permitted to resize the frames to suit their needs? 10/23/2009 5 Planning Your Frames 10/23/2009 6 Frameset A frameset describes the frame layout The <frameset> element is used to store the definitions of the various frames in the file. These definitions will typically include: o Size and location of the frame o Web pages the frames display 10/23/2009 7 Frameset What is the tag used for frameset? <frameset>…</frameset> example <html> <head> <title>Learning Frames</title> </head> <frameset> define frames here </frameset> </html> 10/23/2009 8 Frames Defined in Either Rows or Columns 10/23/2009 9 Frames in rows or columns You must choose to layout your frames in either rows or columns To create a frame layout, you will use the rows and cols attributes of the <frameset> element o The rows attribute creates a row of frames o The cols attribute creates a column of frames 10/23/2009 10 rows, cols attribute for <frameset> Creating a row frame layout o attribute name: rows o attribute value: number of pixels | percentage | * <frameset rows=“row height1, row height2, row height3, …”> Creating a column frame layout o attribute name: cols o attribute value: number of pixels | percentage | * <frameset cols=“column width1, column width2, column width3”> 10/23/2009 11 Content of frames So, now I have created the frame layout!! But, what goes inside the frames? HTML files!!! 10/23/2009 12 Looking back at the first example 10/23/2009 13 Define frame source use <frame> tag within o <frameset> & </frameset> tags <frameset rows=“100,*”> <frame src=“heading-part.html”> <frame src=“main-body.html”> </frameset> 10/23/2009 14 Creating a Nested Set of Frames in the Second Frame Row 10/23/2009 15 Nesting framesets nesting one pair of <frameset> tags in another <frameset rows=“100,*”> <frame src=“heading.html”> <frameset col=“140,*”> <frame src=“body_left.html”> <frame src=“body_right.html”> </frameset> </frameset> 10/23/2009 16 Formatting a Frame You can control three attributes of a frame: o Scroll bars o The size of the margin between the source document and the frame border o Whether or not the user is allowed to change the size of the frame 10/23/2009 17 Hiding and Displaying Scroll Bars By default, scroll bars are displayed when the content of the source page cannot fit within the frame You can override the default setting using the scrolling attribute The scrolling syntax is: scrolling=“type” o scrolling can either be “yes” (to always display scroll bars) or “no” (to never display scroll bars) 10/23/2009 18 Example: Removing the Scroll Bars 10/23/2009 19 Specifying Margins Syntax The syntax for specifying margins for a frame: marginheight=“value” marginwidth=“value” o marginheight is the amount of space, in pixels, above and below the content of the page in the frame o marginwidth is the amount of space to the left and right of the page If you specify only one, the browser assumes that you want to use the same value for both Setting margin values is a process of trial and error as you determine what combination of margin sizes looks best 10/23/2009 20 Resizing of frames restrict resizing of a frame o attribute name, noresize 10/23/2009 21 Name of a frame Also, very important: assign name to frames o attribute name, name o attribute value, “frame_name” o Note, you can provide any unique name for a frame. We will see shortly why frame name is important. 10/23/2009 22 Example 10/23/2009 23 More attributes for <frameset> tag change width of frame border o attribute name: border o attribute value: “number of pixels” change color of frame border o attribute name: bordercolor o attribute value: “a color” example <frameset border=“5” bordercolor=“brown”> …… 10/23/2009 24 Working with Frames and Links By default, clicking a link within a frame opens the linked file inside the same frame You can display hyperlinks in many ways: o In a different frame o In a new window o In the entire window When you want to control the behavior of links in a framed page, there are two required steps: o Give each frame on the page a name o Point each hyperlink to one of the named frames 10/23/2009 25 Specifying a Link Target You can use the target attribute to open a page in a specific frame The syntax for this is: target=“name” 10/23/2009 26 Using Reserved Target Names Reserved target names are special names that can be used in place of a frame name as the target They are useful in situations: o Where the name of the frame is unavailable o When you want the page to appear in a new window o When you want the page to replace the current browser window All reserved target names begin with the underscore character ( _ ) to distinguish them from other target names Reserved target names are case-sensitive, they must be entered in lowercase 10/23/2009 27 Using Reserved Target Names 10/23/2009 28 Using the _self Target 10/23/2009 29 Using the <noframes> Element Use the <noframes> element to allow your Web site to be viewable using browsers that do or do not support frames When a browser that supports frames processes this code, it ignores everything within the <noframes> elements and concentrates solely on the code within the <frameset> elements When a browser that doesn’t support frames processes this code, it doesn’t know what to do with the <frameset> and <noframes> elements, so it ignores them When you use the <noframes> element, you must include <body> elements, this way, both types of browsers are supported within a single HTML file 10/23/2009 30 The <noframes> Syntax The syntax for the <noframes> element is: <html> <head> <title>title</title> </head> <frameset> frames <noframes> <body> page content </body> </noframes> </frameset> </html> 10/23/2009 31 Frameless Version of a Web Site 10/23/2009 32
