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RESPONSIVE DESIGN
Sources:
Kadlec, T. (2012). Implementing responsive design. Berkeley, California: New Riders Publishing.
Marcotte, E. (2010). Responsive Web Design
http://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design
RESPONSIVE DESIGN
Responsive Web Design
RWD is about adopting a more flexible, device
agnostic approach to design for the web.
Device-agnostic because can’t know what devices
people will use.
Responsive Web Design
Start by building baseline experience.
Used three exiting tools:
Media
queries
Fluid grids
Scalable images
(Marcotte, E., 2010)
Media queries
Allow designers to deliver styles based on media
type.
Media queries
Can include MQ in CSS as part of a @media rule:
@media screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {
.column { float: none; }
}
Media queries
Multiple property values in a single query by
chaining them together with the and keyword
<link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (min-width:200px) and (max-width:
500px)" href=“small.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (min-width:501px) and (max-width:
1100px)" href=“large.css">
Defined media types
All Suitable for all devices.
Braille Intended for braille tactile feedback devices.
Embossed Intended for paged braille printers.
Handheld Intended for handheld devices (typically small screen,
limited bandwidth).
Print Intended for paged material and for documents viewed on
screen in print preview mode.
Projection Intended for projected presentations.
Screen Intended primarily for color computer screens.
Speech Intended for speech synthesizers.
Tty Intended for media using a fixed-pitch character grid (such as
teletypes).
Tv Intended for television-type devices.
Defined media types
device-width, orientation, and resolution.
@media print and (orientation: portrait) { }
Breakpoints
Point where media query delivers a new set of styles.
Some sites have just two layouts triggered at a single breakpoint.
Responsive sites often use three designs targeted at
typical phone,
tablet,
and desktop widths.
Think in terms of
single column,
wide single column, and
multiple columns, then
defining the logical breakpoints points in EMs - more future friendly.
Common Break Points
This breakpoint chart shows the pixel widths of some popular
devices.
Fluid Grids
target ÷ context = result
Title – target width= 700px
700px ÷ 988px = 0.7085 *100 =70.85%
Context Width= 988px
Target column width = 329px
329px ÷ 988px = 33.29%
Scalable images
Scale to size of containing element
div#image-icons img {max-width:50% }
Scalable images
Style rule to make images scale down to fit their container:
img
{
max-width: 100%;
}
As layout gets smaller, images in it will scale down to fit width of containing element.
If container is larger than image, the image does not scale larger.
It stops at 100% of its original size.
max-width property, remove width and height attributes in the img elements in the HTML
document, or the image won’t scale proportionally.
<img src=“myImage.jpg” width=“640” height=“480” alt=“Image” />
src.sencha.io
www.sencha.com/learn/how-to-use-src-sencha-io/
<img
Absolute Path to image
src='http://src.sencha.io/http://www.jma.duq.edu/classes/gibbs/jma318/test/640X480.jpg'
alt='My smaller image'
/>
Adaptive Layout
Two or three different fixed layout designs that
target the most common device breakpoints.
May
be quicker
less disruptive to produce
VIEWPORT
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Web Design!</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Web Design!</p>
</body>
</html>
Page displayed much smaller on the mobile device.
Why?
Mobile device
Web Design!
Desktop | Browser
Web Design!
The text is way too small to read without zooming in.
Mobile Safari thinks page is
980px wide
980px
Web Design!
Web Design!
980px ?
320px
Web Design!
980px ?
320px
Mobile Safari assumed
page was a document
designed for the
desktop.
It gave website a width
of 980 pixels and
presented it zoomed out.
Mobile Safari sized the
980px page to fit device
Web Design!
Web Design!
980px
320px
Web Design!
Web Design!
Must tell the browser that webpage is
optimized for mobile.
Tell device that the device width is
320px, not the default value of
980px.
Do that with meta viewport element.
320px
Best to use device-width. Let device
figure out the size.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
• Tells browser to:
• set width of viewport equal to the width of the device screen
(width=device-width), whatever that is.
• initial-scale - sets the zoom level to 1 (100%).
