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COP 3813 Intro to Internet Computing Prof. Roy Levow Lecture 2 XHTML Extensible Language HyperText Markup – Used to code Web pages – Specifies Content Structure – Does not specify Format Vairants Three versions – Strict: complete compliance with newest requirements – Transitional: allows some old features but not frames – Frameset: transitional plus frames Strict XHTML Major differences with HTML – XHTML elements must be properly nested – XHTML documents must be wellformed – Tag names must be in lowercase – All XHTML elements must be closed XHTML Standard Standard (recommendation) developed by – World Wide Web Consortium – http://www.w3c.org – Currently version 1.1 – Version 2 under review – Vendors sometimes vary from standard XHTML Format XHTML – Plain text – Free form – Content Text Links – Tags Specify structure Bounded by <…> Simple Example Simple web page Control information, lines 1-3 Comments, lines 5-6 – Start with <!— – End Structure tags One line of text – examples\ch04\main.html XHTML Tags Specify content characteristics Generally paired – Bound a region – Start with <xx> – End with </xx> – If tag is self-contained, use <xx /> W3C Validation Service Validate structure of a document – http://validator.w3.org – Can specify a url to validate Upload a file to validate Basic Components Headers Links Images Special characters and line breaks Unordered lists (bullets) Ordered lists Nested lists Headers and Links Six levels of headers, h1 – h 6 – examples\ch04\header.html Links cause browser to load another url, a page or the like – examples\ch04\links.html – examples/ch04/contact.html Images Load an image file – Can also resize the image – May specify text to display if image is not displayed examples\ch04\picture.html – May be combined with links so clicking image activates link examples\ch04\nav.html Special Chareacters Line Breaks Special characters (Entities) – Often used when character has special xhtml meaning or is not on keyboard – Coded &xx; Examples: < > & – Line break forced by End of header Paragraph <p> Line break tag <br> Font Control Additional tags control font and appearance to text – Bold <strong> preferred to old <b> – Strikethrough <del> – examples\ch04\contact2.html Unordered Lists Start list with <ul> End with </ul> Each list item bounded by – <li> – </li> examples\ch04\links2.html Ordered Lists “Numbered” items – <ol> – Can specify type of numbering A more advanced feature – examples\ch04\list.html Intermediate Features Tables Forms – Fill in and submit Internal linking Image maps Meta elements Framesets Tables Contain rows and columns of cells – Cells for columns are nested in row – Table can also contain header and footer rows – examples\ch05\table1.html Rectangular group of cells can be treated as a single cell – examples\ch05\table2.html Forms Fill in and submit – Submitted form processed by server – Requires “server-side” application program (later in course) – Specify display items and fields by name – Specify server application to process data – examples\ch05\form.html More Form Features Forms can contain – Text area – Checkbox – Reset button – Hidden fields – examples\ch05\form2.html More Form Features 2 More components – Radio buttons – Menus – examples\ch05\form3.html Internal Links and Maps Internal links take you to a specific part of the page – examples\ch05\links.html Maps allow you to link to different locations by clicking parts of an image – examples\ch05\picture.html meta Elements Provide information about web page or direction to browser Some designed for use by search engines, but this is often abused Format <meta name=“id” attrib=“…”> examples\ch05\main.html Frame Sets Allow content to be loaded from different files into different portions of a web page CSS provides more powerful alternative examples\ch05\index.html examples\ch05\index2.html
