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Working to Section 508: Understanding Web Pages Lori Gillen McKesson Health Solutions Agenda • Demo: Processing information slowly • Cognitive barriers to the Web • How to conquer these barriers – Section 508 – Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Demonstration Cognitive barriers to the Web • Reading disorders: – Inability to relate new ideas to those stored in memory – Inability to distinguish or separate sounds in spoken words – Inability to focus attention on reading material – Slow to process information from reading tasks Section 508 • Refers to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 • Requires federal agencies or companies working with federal agencies to provide accessible electronic and information technology to federal employees and to the public that these agencies service Section 508 • Consists of 16 individual standards that must be met for improved accessibility • Most standards pertain to accessibility for people with low-vision • Two standards pertain to people with cognitive disabilities – Flicker – Timed responses Section 508 • Flicker – Avoid causing the screen to flicker. It can cause seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy – People with an attention disorder are too distracted to concentrate when they see flicker – If you must have flicker, it should not be greater than 2 cycles per second Section 508 • Timed responses: – When a timed response is required, alert the user and give a sufficient amount of time – Some people may need more time to read a page than is given in the timed response – Some accessibility experts suggest that you allot 15 minutes for a timed response Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • First recommended by the World Wide Consortium (W3C) in 1999 • Section 508 was drawn from these guidelines • Within guidelines are checkpoints for determining accessible technology • Checkpoints are categorized by priority to facilitate implementation into existing web sites Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • Priority 1 indicates that a web site MUST satisfy a specific checkpoint • Priority 2 indicates that a web site SHOULD satisfy a specific checkpoint • Priority 3 indicates that a web site MAY satisfy a specific checkpoint Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • These WCAG guidelines pertain to people with cognitive disabilities: – Provide context and orientation information – Provide clear navigation mechanisms – Ensure that documents are clear and simple Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • Provide context and orientation information • Why should you follow this guideline? – To help users who cannot relate new ideas to those stored in memory • What should you do? – Group related elements together using labels, headers, names for frames Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • Provide clear navigation mechanisms • Why should you follow this guideline? – To keep users who are easily distracted or who process information slowly from getting lost in the web site • What should you do? – – – – Provide a way to return Home Provide breadcrumbs Provide a site map Use navigational icons, ex. front and back arrows Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • Ensure that documents are clear and simple • Why should you follow this guideline? – To help people who have trouble processing information quickly – To facilitate usage for people whose native language may not be used on your site • What should you do? – Use clear and concise language – Present information in small manageable chunks Resources • URLS – – – – – – – http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/508standards.htm http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG http://diveintoaccessibility.org http://jimthatcher.com/webcourse1.htm http://www.boston-ia.org http://www.paciellogroup.com http://www.trace.wisc.edu Contact Information Lori Gillen McKesson Health Solutions 275 Grove Street, Suite 1-110 Newton, MA 02466 617.273.3167 [email protected]