Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Quick Facts Projected number of Web users in 2002: 600 million Number of Internet Service Providers in Djibouti: 1 Time it takes to download a 5 MB files at 28.8 Kpbs: 23 minutes Number of American families who have broadband: 13, 441, 557 (2002) Average number of Web sessions per month (at home): 22 Average time spend during surfing session: 31 minutes Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 The Internet is different from traditional broadcasting ISPs, routers, Java, domain names are words that reinforce this notion Early development of the Internet was among scientists, computer hobbyists, and businesspeople Today, media presence on the World Wide Web is important and growing Streaming media and net broadcasting are examples of media on the Web Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Teletext and Videotext Teletext - providing information via electronic network CEEFAX - A pioneering information service in Great Britain delivered information within the ‘blanking’ of the TV signal Videotex - Experiments in the U.S. sponsored by newspapers Videotext - France’s Minitel provided data services via the national telephone system The Source - an early home information utility linked home computers to a central server Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Prodigy and America Online - Early ISPs ISP - Internet Service Provider Prodigy differed from earlier services Provided monthly services for a flat fee Used a graphical interface Contained advertising embedded in the screens America Online provided new services Chat rooms and discussion forums helped AOL distinguish itself Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Early ISPs Changes in technology during the 1980s Modems increased in speed Telephone access costs decreased Newer computers like Apple’s Macintosh introduced ease of use Color displays replaced black-and-white displays Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 ISPs Grow, Business Plans Fail World Wide Web and Internet browser (Mosaic) spurred growth of local Internet Service Providers Sudden growth of ISPs challenged AOL, Prodigy and the Source ‘Churn’ became a problem Newspapers and broadcasters began experimenting with content Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Growth of the World Wide Web In 1993, Mosaic became the first browser for personal computers Web pages use HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Growth of the World Wide Web was instantaneous Search engines provided ways for users to navigate around the Web Growth of Internet users 1993, a little over 1 million users 2002, more than 168 million users Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Internet Basic Cyberspace - no one owns the Internet Internet Society comprised of Internet users World Wide Web Consortium develops guidelines and specifications for the Web Standards and protocols are decided upon by voluntary consultative groups Universal Resource Locator (URL) provides a key to retrieve information on the Web Domain names help provide unique addresses Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Common Domains in use .com - originally set up for business use, now can be used by anyone .edu - used by educational institutions .net - used for organizations directly related to networking .org - used for non-profit and other organizations .mil - for the U.S. military .gov - for government sites Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 E-mail, Browsers, and Messaging Most popular services on the Internet E-mail World Wide Web Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator Messaging services such as Instant Messenger File sharing and swapping Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Plug-ins Plug-ins are ‘helper’ applications that extend the usefulness of Web browsers Examples of plug-ins Apple’s Quicktime - audio and video streaming Real Player - audio and video streaming Macromedia’s Flash and Shockwave - interactive applications Sun’s Java - interactive applications Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Portals and Communities Portal - defined as an ‘entrance’ or ‘doorway’ Internet Portals - starting places for cyberjourneys Portals can provide a startup page for browsing Portals provide link pages and information about other websites May provide space for advertisers Communities - places where people can congregate Discussion forums - places to trade ideas Virtual communities - communities of websites, free email Online games - special interactive game sites Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Top Digital Media Web Properties Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top Portals/ Media Properties Microsoft AOL Time Warner Yahoo! Sites Google eBay Terra Lycos About-Primedia Amazon United States Government The Gator Corp. Source: Neilsen Net Ratings October 27, 2002 Unique Visitors (000s) 40,651 38,389 36,106 12,859 10,036 9,454 7,970 7,962 7,500 7,095 Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 The Bottom Line Commerce and advertising revenue- small compared to broadcasting and cable industries 1995, several hundred million (est.) 1998, 1.5 billion 2001, 5.7 billion Dotcom bust in 2000, many companies went bankrupt Media companies are looking for a working business model Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Media Sharing: Napster and Peer-to-Peer Servers June 1999, Napster allowed users to search for and swap music on the web College students joined Napster almost immediately RIAA sued for copyright infringement in December 1999 Metallica and other bands threatened to sue Napster In 2001, Court order shut Napster down Morpheus and LimeWire examples of peer-to-peer sharing RIAA claims online sales of music down in 2002 Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 World Wide Web and Electronic Media Broadcasters use the web for cross-promotion ABCnews.com provides streaming of newscast segments 60 Minutes web stories match weekly TV show stories National Public Radio allows listeners to download radio segments on the Web Entertainment sites provide information about storylines and stars on websites Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Radio and Webcasting: Streaming Media Online users appear to listen to commercial radio less Internet users aged 12- 34 spend less time with traditional media as Internet usage increased 57% of streaming media listeners are under age of 35 Internet users generally feel the Web is ‘cooler’ than traditional media Copyright issues - many U.S. stations pull plug on webcasting Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 MeasureCast Top Internet Radio Stations Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Station JazzFM Virgin Radio KING-FM MEDI WQXR-FM ESPN Radio KNAC.Com 3WK Web Address Format www.jazzFM.com www.virginradio.co.uk www.king.org www.medimazing.com www.wqxr.com www.espnradio.com www.knac.com www.3wk.com Jazz Hot AC Classical Listener-Format Classical Sports Talk Pure Rock Alternative Rock Source: MeasureCast Inc. February, 2002 Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Changing Face of Web News Millions of people check the Web for news and information On September 11, 2001 - news-related searches were 60 times greater than usual News pictures are posted immediately on the Web Like television, the Web is used as a source of up-todate information 1998 study - 80% of users felt online news sources trustworthy Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Television on the Web and WebTV Streaming TV pictures on the web was difficult Dial up modems were not fast enough for streaming Cable modems were not fast enough for full screen, full motion video New MPEG 4 standards - improved picture fidelity Many sites are currently streaming video clips CNN.com and CBSnews.com stream news Real Networks, movie studios and gamers provide interactive experiences Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6 Advance Technology and the Web Web delivery of : MP3s for music instead of CDs? Books on tape? Hard drive VCRs? Increase of Internet Radio and Television? Three dimensional viewing? Broadcasting, Cable, the Internet and Beyond Chapter 6
