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Accessibility in Internet Services
Case Electronic Banking
Copyright © 2006 TietoEnator Corporation
S-72.158 Master’s thesis seminar 6th June 2006
 Accessibility in Internet Services - Case Electronic Banking
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Author Jaakko Vilén
Supervisor professor Timo Korhonen
Instructor M.Sc. Teppo Jansson, Nordea
Work carried out at Fidenta, joint venture of TietoEnator and Nordea
2006-05-26
Accessibility in Internet Services
Copyright © 2006 TietoEnator Corporation
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Presentation contents
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Background, Nordea Netbank’s text version
Research problems
Accessibility in Web based services
Methodology, accessibility evaluation
Results
Conclusions
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Accessibility in Internet Services
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Nordea Netbank’s text version
 First published in mid 1990’s
 Main user group in mobile use: communicators, mobile phones, PDAs
 ”Facelift” project carried out during spring 2006
– improved user interface
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accessibility
usability
outlook to look more like the new version of Nordea Netbank
scheduled launch in early June 2006
Accessibility in Internet Services
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Nordea’s Netbank versions per user terminal
User terminal
Full-size desktop / laptop
computer
Communicator, wide
screen
Text-browser, assistive
technology
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Netbank version
Netbank for private users
Netbank for corporate
users
Text version
Mobile phone with Webbrowser, narrow screen
Mobile Netbank
Mobile phone with WAPbrowser
WAP services
Accessibility in Internet Services
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Research problem
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Goals for this study are:
1. Create an image of accessibility in Web based services,
including standards and legislation.
2. Investigate the accessibility factors in electronic banking.
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Improve accessibility and usability of Nordea Netbank’s text
version.
Find a conformance level of Nordea Netbank’s text version for
accessibility.
3. Gain accessibility experience in practice, as addition to all
theories.
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Accessibility in Internet Services
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Accessibility
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Two-dimensional concept:
a) accessibility in physical environment
b) accessibility in information and communication technologies
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Disabilities in computer use
– Natural disabilities:
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Eg. blindness, low-vision, colour-blindness, low dexterity, dyslexia,
epilepsy, hearing impairment
– Technical barriers:
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Eg. “wrong” browser, difficult user interface
Accessibility in Internet Services
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How to help the disabled in computer use
 Synthetic voice, digital audio, or Braille for people who are blind
 Screen magnification and large text fonts for people with diminished
vision or dyslexia
 Descriptive text, captioning, and visual cues for people who are deaf
or have hearing disabilities
 Specialised adaptations for people who have physical disabilities
involving the use of a keyboard, voice recognition mechanism, mouse,
or other input device that requires a part of their body other than their
hands and fingers to control a web browser
 And..
 Good design: accessibility guidelines and usability engineering
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Accessibility in Internet Services
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Braille display
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Accessibility, legislation view
Level
Examples, physical
accessibility
Web accessibility
Global
UN recommendations
W3C’s WAI: WCAG
Europe
EU directive of equal
EC recommendation on public
Finland
Land Use and Building
Decree, Ensuring accessibility
Ministry of the Interior
recommendation on public
administration web sites
accessibility
Municipality policy, e.g.
Company policy, e.g. Nordea
(common principles)
treatment in employment
in building
Corporations,
organizations
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Accessible Helsinki project
2002-2011
web sites
Accessibility Policy
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Methodology, Web accessibility evaluation
 Based on Web Accessibility Initiative’s standard on Web content
– Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0
– 14 principles, each having several checkpoints
– Three levels of conformance, A, AA and AAA
 Evaluation using partly
– automatic software,
– manual checking and
– user testing with a blind user
 Done in two phases, corrections made after the first evaluation
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Evaluation
 Manual evaluation
• Internet Explorer 6 (Windows NT operating system)
• Firefox 1.0.2, 1.5 (Windows NT)
• Opera 6.05, 7.54, 8.01 (Windows NT)
• Netscape 7.2 (Windows NT)
• Konqueror 3.3.2 (Linux)
• Safari 2.0.3 (Mac)
• Lynx (via SSH-connection), text browser
• Multiple mobile browsers
 WCAG 1.0 Checklist of Checkpoints
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Evaluation
 Accessibility software
– Wave Accessibility Tool 3.0
– W3C HTML validator
 JAWS with Internet Explorer and Mikropuhe speech synthesizer, and
Tieman Braille display in user test
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Results, conformance level
 Thesis includes planning and implementing the evaluation
– Writing the code is not part of the thesis, but thorough
understanding of HTML and CSS techniques were inevitable
 Second (final) evaluation still in process
 The achieved level will be probably ”A”, and with some exclusions
level ”AA”
 Level ”AAA” was seen too hypothetical for an existing application
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Conclusions
 Completely valid HTML very difficult to achieve on an existing, and
very ”old”, product
– some devices don’t even support completely valid (X)HTML
 Testing with different browsers, changing the browser settings and
seeing adaptive technology in practice has been very influential
 WCAG 1.0 guidelines are good but they are not usable themselves
– WCAG 2.0 will be published soon, but has already received
critique
– Also other sources for accessibility guidelines exist, but WAI is the
salient source, reference for others
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Conclusions for netbank development
 Thorough understanding of markup language is important
– The code could be checked more in development phase
 Testing with unusual styles of computer use is very helpful
– Keyboard-only is the best quick way to see for accessibility
problems
– Not loading images nor CSS shows the “real” page lying behind
 Importance of usability is extremely remarkable, e.g. the elderly
 The needed emphasis is not very much, but benefits can be great
– The executed improvements enable e.g. good scalability of the
text size, use without images, use without mouse, use of different
user terminals and user agents
 Benefits for wide range of users
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Accessibility in Internet Services
Copyright © 2006 TietoEnator Corporation
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Test yourself!
 The upgraded version of Nordea Netbank’s text version published 5th
June 2006
– https://mobile.nordea.fi
– Text version & Mobile Netbank
 Questions, comments?
 Thank you!
 [email protected]
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