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Technology
in Action
Alan Evans • Kendall Martin
Mary Anne Poatsy
Eleventh Edition
Technology in Action
Chapter 3
Using the Internet:
Making the Most of the Web’s Resources
Chapter Topics
• The Internet and How It Works
• Communicating and Collaborating on the
Web
• Web Entertainment
• Conducting Business over the Internet:
E-Commerce
• Accessing and Moving around the Web
• Searching the Web Effectively
The Internet and How it Works
• Internet is a network of networks
connecting billions of computers globally
The Internet and How it Works:
The Origin of the Internet
• Developed during Cold War
• Established a secure form of military
communications
• Created a means of communication for all
computers
The Internet and How it Works:
The Origin of the Internet (cont.)
• Advanced Research
Projects Agency
Network (ARPANET)
– Vinton Cerf: Program
Manager of ARPA
– Robert Kahn: Invented
TCP / IP
• World Wide Web
The Internet and How it Works:
The Origin of the Internet (cont.)
• Web browser
• Original browser only displayed text
– Mosaic
• Released in 1993
• Developed at Natl Ctr for Supercomputing Apps
(University of Illionis Urbana-Champaign)
– Netscape Navigator evolved from Mosaic
The Internet and How it Works:
How the Internet Works
• Information travels along transmission
lines
• Internet backbones
The Internet and How it Works:
How the Internet Works (cont.)
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
– How computers identify each other
– Websites have unique IP addresses
– Text versions of IP addresses
• www.amazon.com—72.21.211.176
Communicating and Collaborating
on the Web
• Web 2.0
– Social web
– Collaboration tools
• Social media
– Google Docs, Facebook, Yelp,
YouTube, Pinterest
– Social networking, blogs, wikis,
podcasts, and webcasts
– E-mail
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Social Networking
• Communicate and share information
– Personal
• Facebook
• Twitter
– Business
• Filling job positions
• LinkedIn
• Marketing and communicating
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Social Networking (cont.)
• Privacy concerns
– Have always been an issue
– Most sites have improved policies
– Precautions
• Keep personal information personal
• Know your friends
• Do not post information that is often used as
security question to verify identity
• Use caution when posting images
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Social Networking (cont.)
• Employers and colleges
– 80% of college admissions officers use
Facebook to check out applicants
• People have been fired or expelled due to
posts
– Palace Guards
– Cops
– Teachers
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Social Networking (cont.)
• Questionable content:
– Negative comments
– Inappropriate content about the poster
• Your content is your responsibility
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
E-mail
• Primary means of communication
• Written message sent or received
• Asynchronous
• Convenient
• Not private
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
E-mail (cont.)
• E-mail etiquette
– Be concise and to the point
– Use spell-check
– Avoid texting abbreviations
– Include subject line
– Include signature line
– Include only people who need to receive it
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
E-mail (cont.)
• Two different types
– Web-based e-mail: Access from web
• Hotmail, Yahoo, Gmail, others
– E-mail client: Installed on your computer
• Outlook / Thunderbird
– Both systems can be used together
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Instant Messaging (IM)
• Communicate in real time
• Proprietary IM services
– AIM, Google Chat, Windows Messenger,
Yahoo! Messenger
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Instant Messaging (IM) (cont.)
• Facebook
– Chat with “friends”
• Universal chat services
– Trillian, Digsby
• Web-based universal chat service
– Meebo
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Wikis
• Wikipedia uses wiki technology
– A website that allows collaborative editing of
its content and structure by its users.
– Content updated continually
• Google Docs has wiki-like features
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Wikis (cont.)
• Wikipedia
• Citizendium
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Blogs
• Short for weblog
– Many free sites
– Julie and Julia: movie was based on a blog
• Video log (vlog)
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Blogs (cont.)
• Free blog hosting
– Blogger
– Wordpress
• Splogs
– Spam blog
– Used to promote other websites
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web
Podcasts and Webcasts
• Podcast
• Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
• Aggregator
Communicating and Collaborating on the Web:
Podcasts and Webcasts (cont.)
• Webcast
– Live or one-time event
– Continuously feeds audio and video content
– Interactive
Web Entertainment
• Web entertainment
includes:
– Streaming audio and
video
– Internet radio
– MP3s
– Interactive gaming
– smart TV
Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Multimedia
– Graphics
– Audio files
– Video files
Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Streaming media
– Netflix, Hulu, others: provide video on
demand
– Internet radio
Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Plug-in (or player):
– Many preinstalled
– Download free of charge
Web Entertainment (cont.)
• Cache
• Tips to keep system running efficiently
– Delete temporary Internet cache
– Click Refresh or F5 key to display most recent
website content
– Manually clear Internet cache
Conducting Business over the
Internet: E-Commerce
• E-commerce or electronic commerce
• Business-to-consumer (B2C)
• Business-to-business (B2B)
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
• Social commerce
Conducting Business over the Internet: E-Commerce
E-Commerce Safeguards
Dig Deeper
Discovering the Semantic Web
• Semantic web (Web 3.0)
– Data defined in such a way as to make it
more easily processed by computers
– Evolving extension of the web
– Example: Siri (on the iPhone)
Accessing and Moving around the Web
• Web browser
• Graphical browsers display:
– Text
– Pictures
– Sound
– Video
Accessing and Moving around the Web:
Web Browsers
• Web browser features
Accessing and Moving around the Web:
URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names
• Every website has a unique address
• URLs are composed of parts to identify the
web document
Accessing and Moving around the Web:
URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.)
• Examples of protocols
– HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Standard
Internet Protocol)
– BitTorrent: Transfers files using a peer-to-peer
networking scheme
Accessing and Moving around the Web:
URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (cont.)
• Domain name
– Top-level domain
• Top-level domain for countries
Accessing and Moving around the Web:
Hyperlinks and Beyond (cont.)
Accessing and Moving around the Web:
Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging
• Favorites feature
– Favorites (Internet Explorer and Safari)
– Bookmarks (Firefox and Google Chrome)
Accessing and Moving around the Web:
Favorites, Live Bookmarks, and Tagging (cont.)
• Social bookmarking or tagging
Searching the Web Effectively
• Search engine: Google, Bing, Yahoo
• Subject directory: Yahoo
• Metasearch engine: Dogpile
Searching the Web Effectively:
Using Search Engines Effectively
• Components of search engines
– Spiders: Searches web for data
– Indexer: organizes data at search engine
website
– Search engine: searches data for relevant
information
• Resulting list appears as list of hits
Searching the Web Effectively:
Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.)
• Search engines
– Use unique algorithms to identify data
– Same search terms provide different
responses depending on search site
• Boolean operators
– Words such as AND, OR, NOT
Searching the Web Effectively:
Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.)
• Key phrases
– Quotation marks to search for exact phrase
– Search within a specific site
– Use a wild card
• * for zero-to-n characters
• ? for a single character
Searching the Web Effectively:
Using Search Engines Effectively (cont.)
• Specialty search strategies and services
– Search tools in Google
• More
• Even More
– Scholar
– Custom Search
– Google Shopping
– Alerts
Searching the Web Effectively:
Evaluating Websites
• Internet resource considerations
– Authority: who created the website
– Bias: accepted facts or opinions ?
– Relevance: date, application to question
– Audience: designed for you or someone else
– Links: to / from website to similar
The End