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Discovering the Internet Complete Concepts and Techniques Chapter 2: Browsing the Web Objectives 1. Describe a Web site, common Web page characteristics, and Web servers 2. Explain the role IP addresses, domain names, and URLs play in locating Web pages 3. Start a Web browser and view Web pages 4. Revisit Web pages using browser and desktop shortcuts Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 2 Objectives (continued) 5. Describe ways to save online information for later use 6. Demonstrate how to change Web browser options 7. Discuss the risks and safeguards related to using the Web Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 3 Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web Servers • Web sites – Home page is primary page – Number of pages varies depending on site’s purpose and type of content – FAQ page lists frequently asked questions and their answers – A portal is a special type of Web site that offers a doorway or starting point for browsing the Web Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 4 A multi-page Web site consists of a home page and linked subsidiary pages. Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 5 Web portals can provide a broad range of information and services or can focus on a specific interest. Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 6 Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web Servers (continued) • Web pages – Designed to attract visitors and hold their attention – Common characteristics • • • • • • Logo and name Images Links Advertisements Search tool Copyright statement and link to privacy policy statement Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 7 Common Web page characteristics logo links search tool images copyright statement Chapter 2: Browsing the Web privacy policy link 8 Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web Servers (continued) • Web Servers – Browser is a client that requests resources from a server – Server “serves up” resources upon request – Web browsing is example of clientserver computing Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 9 Web Sites, Web Pages, and Web Servers (continued) • Web Servers – Single Web server can host multiple Web sites – Large Web sites may span multiple servers Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 10 IP Addresses, Domain Names, and URLs • IP Addresses – A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device on a network – A series of four numbers separated by a period or dot • 198.80.146.30 • Static IP addresses seldom change • Dynamic IP addresses are temporary Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 11 IP Addresses, Domain Names, and URLs (continued) • Domain Names – A text alias for an IP address • course.com is domain name for 198.80.146.30 – Domain Name System uses name servers to resolve domain name to IP address • Managed by ICANN • TLD (.com, .biz, and so forth) • ccTLD (.us, .uk, and so forth) Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 12 Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 13 IP Addresses, Domain Names, and URLs (continued) • Uniform Resources Locators (URLs) – A unique Web address • • • • http:// protocol Domain name Path File name Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 14 Web Browsers • Software program used to view Web pages • Most commonly used Web browser is Internet Explorer, others include – Netscape Navigator – Opera – Mozilla Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 15 Internet Explorer Web browser Address box menu bar, Standard Buttons toolbar, Address bar browser icon Go button scroll bar display area default home page status bar Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 16 Web Browsers (continued) • Starting the Browser and Loading a Web Page – Double-click the IE icon on the Windows desktop – Type the Web page URL in the Address box on the Address bar – Click Go or press the ENTER key Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 17 scsite.com/internet/ URL Chapter 2: Browsing the Web Address box list 18 Web Browsers (continued) • Clicking a Link and Using Web Page Features – Links (hyperlinks) allow users to jump to a new location in the same page, to another page at the same Web site, or to a page at another Web site – Web pages offer links and other features that allow you to view additional information Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 19 mouse pointer on Chapter 2 link link’s URL Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 20 link Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 21 Web Browsers (continued) • Navigating Recently Viewed Web Pages – Use the Back, Forward, Stop, Home, and Refresh buttons on the Standard Buttons toolbar • • • • Back and Forward – revisit recently viewed pages Stop – stop downloading a page Home – reload the default home page Refresh – request a fresh copy of the current page from the server Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 22 Stop Back Favorites Home Forward Refresh Chapter 2: Browsing the Web Mail Media Search Messenger Edit Print History Discuss 23 Using Browser and Desktop Shortcuts to Revisit Web Pages • Using the Address list – Address list appears when you start typing a URL in the Address box – Click a URL in the Address list to revisit the page Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 24 Using Browser and Desktop Shortcuts to Revisit Web Pages (continued) • Creating and Using a Favorite – A favorite is a shortcut to a frequently viewed Web page – Use the Favorites menu or Favorites list in the Favorites bar to create a favorite • Add a favorite to the list • Create a folder in which to store the favorite, if desired Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 25 Create a favorite to a frequently visited Web page and store it in a specific subfolder in the Favorites folder. Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 26 Using Browser and Desktop Shortcuts to Revisit Web Pages (continued) • Using the History List – Click the History button on the Standard Buttons toolbar to open the History bar and display the History list • List contains URLs for Web pages visited during the past several days (20 day default) • URLs are organized by day and week into Web site folders Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 27 Creating a Web Page Desktop Shortcut • Use the Shortcut to Desktop command on the Send submenu on the File menu to send a shortcut to the current page to the desktop Web page desktop shortcut Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 28 Saving Online Information • Printing a Web page – Print selected information – Print the entire page – Preview the page to see how it will look before printing it Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 29 Saving Online Information (continued) • Saving a Web Page – Web Page, complete (HTML page and all related files) – Web Archive, single file (snapshot of page) – Web Page, HTML only (no related files are saved) – Text file (page text is saved in plain text format) Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 30 Saving Online Information (continued) • E-mailing a Web Page – Send a page or a link to a page using commands on the Send submenu on the File menu • Saving a Web Page Image – Use the Image toolbar buttons or a shortcut menu to save a Web page image – Note that all Web page content, including images, are protected by copyright law Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 31 save an image using the Image toolbar save an image using a shortcut menu Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 32 Saving Online Information (continued) • Adding Web Content to the Active Desktop – Windows Active Desktop feature supports the display of dynamic Web content on the desktop – Use the Set as Desktop Item on the shortcut menu to create an Active Desktop item • Displays static information when offline • Displays dynamic information when online Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 33 Changing Browser Options • Showing and Hiding Toolbars – Turn on or off Links bar and plug-in toolbars with the Toolbars submenu on the Views menu or a shortcut menu Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 34 Changing Browser Options (continued) • Changing the Default Home Page – Browser options can be changed in the Internet Options dialog box opened with the Internet Options command on the Tools menu – Change the default home page on the General tab Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 35 Changing Browser Options (continued) • Loading Web Pages Faster – Turn off the display of multimedia content in the Advanced tab in the Internet Options dialog box to speed up the Web page loading process when you have a slow Internet connection Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 36 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards • Is My Computer Protected from Hackers? – A firewall is hardware and/or software that blocks outside intruders • Home computers: install a personal firewall to protect against hackers – BlackICE Defender – McAfee Personal Firewall – Norton Personal Firewall Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 37 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards (continued) • Will My Computer Get a Computer Virus? – A virus is a small, potentially damaging computer program that can infect a computer and then spread to other computers via • E-mail • Downloaded files • Exchanging word processing or spreadsheet files – Install virus protection software to protect against infection • Symantec’s Norton AntiVirus Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 38 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards (continued) • Is It Safe to Shop Online? – Use reputable online vendors – Pay via credit card over a secure (SSL) connection – Use a third-party payment service if participating in online auctions Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 39 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards (continued) • Will I Be Exposed to Objectionable Content Online? – Web is a largely unregulated environment • Use blocking software (content filters) to block access to unwanted material • Use the IE Content Advisor to block access to unwanted material Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 40 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards (continued) • Is My Personal Information Kept Private? – Employers have the right to monitor use of computer equipment and Internet access by their employees – ECPA and Patriot Act govern what personal information can be collected by the government – Look for and read posted privacy policies and statements at Web sites frequently visited to learn how the site’s owner gathers and uses personal information Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 41 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards (continued) • Is My Personal Information Kept Private? – Look for voluntary membership in TRUSTe program which sets rules for how members gather, use, and protect personal information at member sites Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 42 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards (continued) • Is My Personal Information Kept Private? – Be aware of cookies • Text files stored on a computer’s hard drive used by companies to store information to customize Web pages, store passwords, track browsing activities, and target advertising – Be aware of Web bugs • Hidden graphics embedded in Web pages that collect information Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 43 Using the Web: Risks and Safeguards (continued) • How Can I Protect My Privacy? – Change the privacy settings in the Privacy tab in the Internet Options dialog box to control the type of cookies you accept – Install software to protect against Web bugs – Review Web site privacy policy statements – Opt-out of personal information collection at Web sites Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 44 Chapter Review • The Web is a dynamic environment containing millions of Web sites and billions of pages • The number of pages at a Web site varies; but the primary page is the home page • A Web portal is a special type of Web site that acts as a starting point or doorway to Web content and services • The interaction between a Web browser and a Web server is an example of client/server computing Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 45 Chapter Review (continued) • An IP address is the unique numerical address of a computer on a network • A domain name is an easy-to-remember text alias for one or more IP addresses • A URL or Web address is the unique address of a Web page Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 46 Chapter Review (continued) • Start a Web browser by double-clicking the browser icon on the desktop or by clicking All Programs on the Start menu • Load a Web page by typing the page’s URL in the Address box on the Address bar and clicking the Go button or pressing the Enter key • Use buttons on the browser’s Standard Buttons toolbar to revisit pages, load the default home page, and refresh the current page Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 47 Chapter Review (continued) • Revisit previously viewed Web pages by clicking a URL in the Address list, by creating and clicking a favorite, or by clicking a URL in the History list • Print, save, or e-mail a Web page to save its content for later use • Customize the browser window by showing or hiding toolbars and by changing the default home page Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 48 Chapter Review (continued) • Install personal firewall software to protect a personal computer from outside intruders • Shop online from reputable vendors, pay by credit card to limit liability, and use a secure Internet connection for the transaction • Become familiar with Web site privacy policies and opt-out from information collection at the sites, if desired Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 49 Chapter 2 Complete Chapter 2: Browsing the Web 50