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Introduction to
Web Pages
Lecture Overview
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Evolution of the Internet and Web
Web Protocols
History of the Internet
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It began as the ARPANET
It became NSFNET while funded by the
National Science Foundation
There was no WWW
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It was really just FTP and e-mail and Usenet
news
There were no search engines
History of the Web
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In 1991, Tim Berners-Lee created the Web at
the Particle Physics Laboratory in Cern
Switzerland
He established the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) in 1994 to foster
international standards
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Today the W3C defines standards for most
Web-based protocols
The Web Today
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Web 2.0 is a group of technologies described
by social networking and user collaboration
Web 3.0 is a group of future data-driven and
semantic concepts
These are not specific technologies and you
cannot buy them
Internet / Web Standards
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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The Internet Architecture Board (IAB)is a
standing committee of the IETF
They publish RFCs
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
publishes standards for the Web
Internet Protocols
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The Internet is built from a “stack” of
protocols
At the bottom, there is IP (a connectionless
unreliable protocol)
TCP lives on top of IP (a connected reliable
protocol)
And all the services we know live on top of
TCP / IP
Internet Services
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FTP – File Transfer Protocol
Mail protocols
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HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Post Office Protocol (POP3)
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
This is how we move Web pages
And many more
A Brief History of HTML
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1989:
1994:
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1995
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Created by Tim Berners-Lee
HTML specification released
along with DTD
Netscape formed
W3C was formed
HTML3 draft (draft expired)
Internet Explorer released
Cascading Style Sheets
A Brief History of HTML
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1997:
1999:
2001 :
2008:
Html 4.0 Draft
HTML 4.01
XHTML 1.1 (XHTML 2.0 died)
HTML5 working draft XHTML5
drafted along side HTML5
Web Markup Languages
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In the beginning there was the Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML)
 It was unruly
HTML was created to “markup” Web pages
XML was created to represent just about any kind of
data
XHTML is HTML written in XML
HTML 5 is the next generation of HTML
We will use HTML 5 in this course
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They are not all that different
The World Wide Web
Consortium
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The W3C is the standards setting body for
various protocols
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HTTP
HTML
XML
And many more
Visit www.w3.org
Web Page Round Trip
Client
(Request)
Client
(Render)
Server
(Receive)
Server
(Send HTML)
Server
(Process)
A Word about Web Browsers
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Everyone has their favorite
IE, FireFox, Chrome, …
As we begin to program more, we will learn
about differences between one browser and
the next and the challenges of programming
against different browsers
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Not to mention the mobile world
I’ll use Chrome in the course because of its
rich HTML debugging capabilities