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INFORMATION RETRIVEAL & NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SEMANTIC WEB SEMANTIC WEB • What is semantic web? • Why semantic web is needed • Introduction to XML • XML Documents SEMANTIC WEB continued…… • Semantically structured XML • Examples of interfaces • Questions WHAT IS SEMANTIC WEB? • Built on syntaxes called RDF • Getting data on the web with its meaning • Information is linked up to allow data to be shared & reused on a global scale • Thought of as a globally linked database WHY SEMANTIC WEB IS NEEDED • Designed to meet large scale challenges of electronic publishing • Made it easier to publish data on a global scale • Opportunity for a better information retrieval INTRODUCTION TO XML • Extensible Markup Language is a text format, which is simple & flexible • Originates from SGML • Designed to meet large scale challenges of electronic publishing • Shows semantics of data in a documented, structured machine readable format XML DOCUMENTS • Main reason for XML is to send documents in a simple way. Anyone can design their own document • Programs can read & understand documents i.e. a plain text document: ‘I just got a new pet dog’ XML DOCUMENTS continued………. Using XML: <sentence> <person href="http://aaronsw.com/">I</person> just got a new pet <animal>dog</animal>. </sentence> • Contents are labelled, consist of open tag • <sentence> and closed tag </sentence> URI’s are used to uniquely identify specific markup elements XML DOCUMENTS continued………. • Tag names are differentiated, each tag has its own URI • URI’s are assigned to each element and attribute by the use of XML name • Meanings are given to words or sentences by the use of RDF. SEMANTICALLY STRUCTURED XML Below indicates ways in which semantically structured XML is used by information retrieval to increase recall & precision: • By using schemas, documents can be grouped • Words that have more than one meaning are separated by the way the are shown • Rich data types are used by queries • Parts of the document are returned EXAMPLES OF INTERFACES • First example indicates a full text query which is unstructured that is submitted by the user: EXAMPLES OF INTERFACES continued……… • Information searched. • Search form is prompted to the user • Contains a list of schemas, user selects relevant one EXAMPLES OF INTERFACES continued……… • Blank entry for user to fill out to further help their search EXAMPLES OF INTERFACES continued……… • A fully structured query • User is given results SUMMARY………. Why XML? • Ideal for the purpose of using richly structured documents over the web • Development of XML helped achieve semantic web • Gives syntactical foundation SUMMARY………. continued……… • New possibilities for both interaction & communication combined • Opportunities are there for large scale decentralization. QUESTION? • What would be the significance of semantic web in the future?