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ENG 568 08/FA Ashley Flitter Dana Livesay RSI Sufferers Webpage Click Here 100 Times To Enter (permission obtained from Cartoonstock.com) 1 Overview Definitions Why is Accessibility Important? What works Disabled The Law Lawsuits Cool stuff to check your site and References 2 Accessible adj. Merriam Webster Online Capable of being reached Capable of being seen or used Capable of being understood or appreciated 3 What does it Mean? • Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web. Specifically, it means that people with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, contribute to, and interact with the Web. • Web accessibility also benefits others, including older people with changing abilities due to aging. 4 World Wide Consortium (W3C) and Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Definition • 1997 - World Wide Consortium launched the WAI – all accessibility philosophy. • Leaders in comprehensive resources and guidelines. • Accessibility should be an integral part of the design philosophy of web developers. • Able to be navigated and read by everyone regardless of being able-bodied, or the type of computer technology available. 5 Started Here… • Section 504 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 • Disability rights are a form of civil rights • Covered by 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution • The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 • Extends requirements of Rehabilitation Act to all public and commercial facilities, not just those that received federal funding. 6 Americans with Disabilities Telecommunication Act of 1996 1998 Amendment • Department of Justice states that ADA covers government entities on the Internet, as well as providers whose services are deemed to be “ public accommodation.” Manufacturers must ensure products be designed and fabricated as • "readily available“ to persons with disabilities. • Federal websites must be accessible to employees and the public without causing an “undue burden” to the site owner. • Accessibility standards developed by Architectural and Transportation Barriers Board for the Web and other areas of information technology. 7 Electronic and Information Technology Accessibility Proposed Standards 1998 amendment to Section 508 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 published standards for Web Pages in December 2000. 8 No one I know is Disabled • Half of all Americans 65 and older has a disability, with one-third of U. S. families affected because a member has a disability. • That’s a population of 54 million people with: – Low, limited, or no Vision – Color blind – Deaf or hearing impaired – Physical, mobility issues – Neurological problems (Parkinson’s, MS, seizures) 9 Why even “able-bodied” People Can’t Access the Web: • May not have or be able to use a keyboard or mouse, • Have a small screen or slow Internet connection, • Might have an older version of a browser, or worse – an operating system other than Windows or Mac, • Perhaps they can’t read, speak, or understand the language in which an online document’s written. 10 Recent Lawsuits Sued By Action • 1996 TARGET: site not accessible to blind shoppers • 1999-America Online: failed to alter its inaccessible software to allow compatibility with screen readers. • 2000 - Bank of America: difficulty with use of ATM’s • National Federation of the Blind. 1998, $600,000.00 • NFB on behalf of blind student. Suit dropped when AOL 8.0 released; also put accessibility policy on site. • BOA installed over 2500 talking ATM’s and made screens compatible with screen readers. 11 Leading Expert on Web Usability • Jakob Nielson, Ph.D., is world renowned as the Usability King, respected author, User Advocate and principal of the Nielson Norman Group. • Authors a comprehensive newsletter on accessibility and usability. • Dr. Nielsen invented several usability methods, including heuristic evaluation . Dr. Nielson holds 79 United States patents, mainly on ways of making the Internet easier to use. 12 Other Advocates and Lawsuits • • • • • Microsoft Accessibility Training National Federation for the Blind Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Section 508.gov What Does MNSU DO? • Lawsuits - Social Policy Initiative 13 Cool Ways to Check your Site Screen Reader Cynthia Says WAVE DASHER Color Contrast 14 Tips for MAKING YOUR SITE ACCESSIBLE 15 Document Structure • Developers should determine how they want their documents to be structured before they determine how they will be presented. • Developers should not use structural elements to create presentation effects (i.e. html) 16 Using Text Equivalents • Supplement images and other non-textual elements with text where possible. • Test your textual supplements by reading your page out loud. If you can “read” your images and other multi-media elements, then you have used textual supplements appropriately. 17 Browser Compatibility • Place in-line text descriptions of images immediately after the image. • Create “D-links”, or links that contain longer text descriptions of images, on the same page or in a separate file for easy access. 18 Provide Alternative Pages • Provide access to pages that use accessible characteristics if you cannot create accessible main pages. These pages should be updated as often as the inaccessible pages. • Provide links at the top or bottom of each of the pages so that the user can move between them easily. 19 Alternative Pages Continued • Design alternative pages for users that do not have access to a mouse or other pointer device. • Create image map links and keyboard shortcuts. • Makes links accessible through tabbing order. 20 Navigation and Comprehension • Create a consistent page presentation through navigation structure. • Use clear and simple language. • Use accurate headings and link descriptions. • Do not use automatic page refresh settings unless you can also provide a static page equivalent. 21 Testing Through User Scenarios • Rather than doing full usability studies, you can test the accessibility of your site by : – Testing your pages with a text-only browser. – Use multiple graphic browsers. – Use new and old versions of the same browsers. – Use other tools that may be used by disabled users, such as a self-voicing browser, a screen reader, or an alternative keyboard. 22 Questions? 23